了解ICSID仲裁在能源争端中的运作方式——从双边投资协定和《能源宪章条约》下的管辖权和同意，到程序、临时措施、损害赔偿和执行。这是一本为投资者、发起人、承包商和能源公司管理跨境风险的实用指南。能源项目国际仲裁（ICSID程序）能源项目极易受到政治、监管和宏观经济因素的影响[…]
Explore how Turkish law affects international petroleum contracts—from upstream licensing and joint ventures to EPC, offtake, taxation, compliance, and arbitration. Practical guidance for investors, operators, and service companies doing oil business in Türkiye. International Petroleum Contracts and Turkish Law International petroleum projects rarely succeed on geology alone. The real make-or-break factors are usually contractual architecture, […]
Energy projects live and die by bankability. Lenders, sponsors, and contractors will often accept construction risk, resource risk, and even market risk—up to a point. But when the project’s entire repayment profile depends on whether electricity will be purchased at a predictable price, the legal structure behind an “energy purchase guarantee” becomes the core of […]
在土耳其，无论是天然气、石油、石化产品、区域供热、水还是工业输电管道投资，都不可避免地会遇到一个现实问题：管道线路必须穿越私人土地。这一问题引发了任何线性基础设施项目中最具争议的法律程序之一：征用（kamulaştırma）和行政地役权（idarî irtifak）。从法律和[…]
能源进口合同——包括管道天然气、液化天然气货物、电力进口、石油产品，甚至与发电相关的煤炭供应安排——很少是“普通”的商业交易。它们涉及跨境支付风险、物流、监管干预、制裁风险和价格波动等诸多方面。一旦出现问题，各方需要一个中立、技术精湛且……的争端解决机构。
1) 为什么石油勘探许可证不仅仅是一张许可证？在土耳其，石油勘探许可证（实践中称为“arama ruhsatı”）不仅仅是一份钻探的行政许可。它是一项石油权利，处于一个受监管的生态系统的核心，该系统涉及技术工作承诺、财务担保、数据报告义务、土地使用权、环境等方面。[…]
1）为什么液化天然气接收站是“受监管的基础设施”，而不仅仅是港口资产？液化天然气（LNG）接收站位于能源安全、关键基础设施、港口运营和市场自由化的交汇点。在土耳其，这意味着一个LNG项目绝不仅仅是一个工程建设项目。它也是一个复杂的法律程序，任何不当行为都可能导致一系列后果。[…]
1) 为什么“法律性质”问题在博塔什合同中至关重要？各方与博塔什签订合同的原因各不相同：长期天然气供应、液化天然气再气化和储存服务、输电网络容量预订、平衡和指定安排、管道建设、压缩站工程、工程服务或战略基础设施合作。这些交易表面上看起来可能很相似 […]
1) Why the natural gas market in Türkiye is a legal ecosystem (not a single contract) Operating in Türkiye’s natural gas sector is never “just” about buying and selling molecules. The moment you step into the market—whether as an importer, wholesaler, industrial offtaker, LNG terminal operator, storage investor, distribution company, or trader—you enter a tightly […]
1) Why PPAs have become a central tool in the Turkish energy market A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is no longer just a “sale contract” between a generator and a buyer. In Turkey, PPAs increasingly function as the commercial spine of renewable and conventional projects alike—especially as corporate buyers seek predictable energy costs, stronger sustainability […]