THE CONCEPT OF FAMILY HOME, REGISTRATION PROCEDURES, AND SPOUSE’S CONSENT Article 194 of the Turkish Civil Code (TMK) is one of the strongest regulations in family law aimed at protecting “social peace.” A family home is not merely a matter of property; it is the place where spouses live together, where children are raised, and […]
MATERIAL AND MORAL COMPENSATION IN DIVORCE A divorce case severs the marital bond between the parties, leaving behind significant financial ruin and shattered personal lives. To protect the spouse whose existing or expected interests are harmed or whose personal rights are violated due to the divorce, the legislator has regulated the institutions of material and […]
SPECIAL GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE AND PROOF REQUIREMENTS The divorce system in Turkish family law is based on the principles of “fault” and “substitution.” The legislator has divided the grounds for divorce into two categories: general and special. The “Special Grounds for Divorce,” regulated in Articles 161 to 165 of the Turkish Civil Code, are absolute […]
REASONS FOR INVALIDITY, NULLITY, AND ABSOLUTE NULLITY OF MARRIAGE A marriage contract, from the moment it is established between the parties, produces very strong legal, financial, and social consequences. However, the establishment of a marriage does not mean that it will remain legally valid for life. If the legislator determines that a marriage has serious […]
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND AGE LIMITS FOR MARRIAGE CAPACITY Marriage is one of the most important legal transactions that initiates family law and provides legal protection for the common life established by individuals. However, for this transaction to be validly established, the legislator requires that the parties have reached a certain level of biological, mental, and […]
THE CONCEPT OF FOUNDATIONS, ESTABLISHMENT REGIME, AND THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING LEGAL PERSONALITY In Turkish law, while associations, one of the two fundamental pillars of civil society, are considered groups of individuals, foundations are independent collections of assets dedicated to a specific and permanent purpose. Foundations established by investors, families, or companies for the purpose […]
THE CONCEPT OF ASSOCIATIONS, THEIR LEGAL NATURE, AND ESTABLISHMENT PROCEDURE (Turkish Civil Code Articles 56-62) Associations, one of the most fundamental structures of civil society and institutional organization, are groups of individuals who come together in the legal world to achieve goals other than profit sharing. Although they do not pursue a commercial purpose like […]
THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL PERSONALITY, ITS ESTABLISHMENT, AND THE BEGINNING OF LEGAL CAPACITY (Turkish Civil Code Articles 47-49) In Turkish private law, the concept of a person encompasses not only biological entities such as natural persons, but also groups of persons or assets organized as independent entities for the purpose of achieving a specific objective. […]
WHAT IS THE PERSONAL STATUS REGISTER? (Turkish Civil Code Articles 36-46) A person’s legal existence within society begins with their capacity to acquire rights and obligations. However, for this existence to gain legal predictability in the eyes of the state and third parties, it depends on certain rules and registers where these rules are concretized. […]
Introduction Ransomware attacks have become one of the most serious cyber threats affecting companies, public institutions, healthcare providers, financial organizations, e-commerce businesses, professional service firms and individuals in Turkey. A ransomware incident usually occurs when malicious software encrypts, locks, deletes, transfers or threatens to publish digital data unless the victim pays money or cryptocurrency. In […]