Consumer disputes in Turkey are governed by a detailed legal framework that combines court actions, administrative controls, consumer arbitration committees, and mandatory mediation in many court-based disputes. The core statute is the Consumer Protection Law No. 6502, which states that its purpose is to protect consumers’ health, safety, and economic interests, compensate their losses, and […]
Learn how employment disputes are resolved in Turkey, including mandatory mediation, labor court litigation, reinstatement claims, wage disputes, overtime, annual leave, notice periods, and termination strategy. Employment disputes in Turkey are one of the most active and practically important areas of Turkish litigation. They affect local employers, foreign-invested companies, HR teams, payroll departments, senior managers, […]
Construction disputes in Turkey are among the most complex and commercially important disputes in the Turkish legal system. They often involve large financial exposure, technically dense facts, multi-party contracting chains, urgent interim protection needs, and intense evidentiary battles over delay, defects, payment, variation works, and project completion. In practice, a construction case in Turkey is […]
Unfair competition lawsuits in Turkey are one of the most practical and commercially significant tools available to businesses that need to react quickly to misleading market behavior, deceptive advertising, confusion-based sales tactics, misuse of trade secrets, and other bad-faith competitive practices. Under the Turkish Commercial Code, the purpose of the unfair competition regime is to […]
Shareholder disputes and corporate litigation in Turkey are among the most important issues in Turkish business law. They affect joint ventures, family companies, growth-stage businesses, closely held companies, foreign-invested subsidiaries, and mature corporate groups alike. In Türkiye, international investors are generally granted the same rights and liabilities as local investors, and the Turkish Commercial Code […]
Recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments in Turkey is one of the most important subjects in cross-border litigation. A judgment obtained abroad does not become automatically effective in Turkey merely because it is final in the country of origin. As a rule, a separate Turkish court process is required so that the foreign judgment […]
Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Turkey is one of the most important topics in cross-border dispute resolution. A favorable award is valuable only if it can be turned into a practical result, and that usually means recognition, enforcement, or both in the country where the losing party or its assets are located. […]
Arbitration in Turkey has become a central dispute-resolution option for commercial parties that want more procedural flexibility, greater neutrality, stronger cross-border enforceability, and less exposure to the pace and formality of ordinary court litigation. In the Turkish legal system, arbitration is not a single, uniform regime. It is divided mainly between domestic arbitration under the […]
Settlement agreements play a central role in Turkish dispute resolution practice. In Türkiye, parties do not have to wait for a final judgment or arbitral award to resolve a dispute. Depending on the procedural setting, they may settle through a private agreement governed by general contract law, a judicial settlement recorded during litigation, a mediation […]
Mandatory mediation in Turkey has become one of the most important procedural filters in civil litigation. In many private-law disputes, the first question is no longer only whether the claimant has a strong legal position. The first question is whether the claimant is allowed to go directly to court at all. Turkish law now makes […]