Energy import contracts—pipeline gas, LNG cargoes, electricity imports, petroleum products, and even coal supply arrangements linked to power generation—are rarely “ordinary” commercial deals. They sit at the intersection of cross-border payment risk, logistics, regulatory interference, sanctions exposure, and price volatility. When things go wrong, parties need a dispute forum that is neutral, technically competent, and […]
1) The distribution license is a regulated monopoly with “public service” duties In Türkiye, an intra-city natural gas distribution license is not simply a permission to operate pipes. It is a territory-based, exclusive service authorization that combines (i) network construction/operation and (ii) retail delivery of gas to customers within a defined distribution region. The Natural […]
1) Why an oil exploration licence is more than a permit In Türkiye, an oil exploration licence (in practice, “arama ruhsatı”) is not merely an administrative permission to drill. It is a petroleum right that sits at the center of a regulated ecosystem involving technical work commitments, financial guarantees, data-reporting duties, land access, environmental and […]
1) Why LNG terminals are “regulated infrastructure,” not just port assets Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminals sit at the junction of energy security, critical infrastructure, port operations, and market liberalization. In Turkey, that means an LNG project is never “only” an engineering and construction story. It is also a layered legal process where the wrong […]
1) Why the “legal nature” question matters in BOTAŞ contracts Parties sign contracts with BOTAŞ for very different reasons: long-term natural gas supply, LNG regasification and storage services, capacity booking in the transmission network, balancing and nomination arrangements, pipeline construction, compressor station works, engineering services, or strategic infrastructure cooperation. These deals can look similar on […]
1) Why the natural gas market in Türkiye is a legal ecosystem (not a single contract) Operating in Türkiye’s natural gas sector is never “just” about buying and selling molecules. The moment you step into the market—whether as an importer, wholesaler, industrial offtaker, LNG terminal operator, storage investor, distribution company, or trader—you enter a tightly […]
1) Why PPAs have become a central tool in the Turkish energy market A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is no longer just a “sale contract” between a generator and a buyer. In Turkey, PPAs increasingly function as the commercial spine of renewable and conventional projects alike—especially as corporate buyers seek predictable energy costs, stronger sustainability […]
1) Why “hybrid” is a legal concept in Turkey—not just an engineering choice In Turkey, “hybrid power plant” is not merely a technical design where two resources produce electricity at the same site. It is also a regulatory classification that determines: Turkey’s secondary legislation makes this explicit through two separate—but connected—lenses: Understanding these two lenses […]
Introduction: why land is the first real “permit” in energy In Turkish energy projects—solar (GES), wind (RES), geothermal, hydro, biomass, storage, pipelines, substations, and transmission lines—the critical path often starts with land. Grid connection may be the headline risk, but land tenure is the risk that quietly kills timelines: an unbankable lease, a missing corridor […]
1) Why EIA litigation has become a “project-critical” risk in Turkey In Turkey, energy projects are built on a chain of public approvals: licensing and grid connection, land use and zoning, forestry/pasture permissions, and—very often—Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) decisions issued under the ÇED system. When an EIA decision is challenged and annulled, the impact is […]