Risk Management in Commercial Contracts with Foreign Companies In today’s globalized trade environment, Turkish companies increasingly engage in various commercial relationships with foreign entities, such as supply of goods and services, partnerships, distributorship agreements, and licensing contracts. However, as these relationships bring together different legal systems, commercial practices, and judicial approaches, it is crucial that […]
Introduction While renewable energy projects such as solar farms, wind parks, hydroelectric dams, and biomass plants are central to the global energy transition and climate change mitigation, they can also create social, environmental, and economic impacts on local communities. Issues like land use disputes, environmental harm, noise pollution, and cultural heritage concerns can lead local […]
Introduction Carbon credit trading has become a critical component of global efforts to mitigate climate change. Under this system, organizations, governments, and companies can buy and sell carbon credits, representing the right to emit a certain amount of CO₂ or other greenhouse gases. While carbon markets—both compliance markets and voluntary markets—offer economic incentives for emission […]
Introduction Energy projects, particularly those relying on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which in turn drive climate change and environmental degradation. As global awareness of climate risks increases, environmental lawsuits targeting carbon emissions have become a prominent legal tool used by governments, non-governmental […]
Introduction The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide has triggered an urgent need for robust charging infrastructure. Establishing and operating electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is not only a business opportunity but also a regulatory challenge. Governments are implementing comprehensive licensing, permitting, and regulatory frameworks to ensure safety, reliability, and interoperability of EVCS. This […]
Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems are increasingly integrated into energy generation, distribution, and storage projects, from smart grids and predictive maintenance algorithms to autonomous energy storage systems and AI-driven energy trading. While these technologies enhance efficiency and sustainability, they also create complex legal questions about liability, accountability, and risk management. This article examines […]
Introduction Energy storage systems (ESS) have emerged as a cornerstone of modern energy infrastructure, supporting the integration of renewable energy sources, improving grid stability, and enabling efficient energy use. With the rapid technological advancements in battery technologies (e.g., lithium-ion, solid-state batteries), supercapacitors, and thermal storage systems, protecting intellectual property (IP) has become crucial for innovation […]
Introduction The cross-border energy trade is a crucial component of the global economy, involving the transmission and sale of electricity, natural gas, oil, and renewable energy resources across national borders. Due to the transnational nature of energy markets, international law plays a vital role in regulating trade, ensuring energy security, and resolving disputes between states […]
Introduction Energy projects often involve large-scale, long-term investments that require stable legal frameworks and predictable government policies. However, conflicts can arise between energy companies and states due to regulatory changes, expropriations, breaches of investment contracts, or political and economic instability. These disputes can significantly impact the financial viability of energy projects and the broader investment […]