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lawyerfbc
Shareholder disputes are one of the most common “business killers” in Turkey—especially in LLCs (Ltd. Şti.) with few partners, where personal trust and daily operations overlap. When cooperation collapses, the dispute usually turns into one of two legal directions: exit (withdrawal) of a shareholder or expulsion of a shareholder. These disputes are rarely only about […]
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lawyerfbc
Minority shareholders in Turkey often assume they have limited power: “If I don’t control the majority, I can’t protect myself.” In reality, Turkish corporate law provides several protection mechanisms—but only if the shareholder knows what to ask for and how to document it. The most common minority problems arise when governance is unclear, information rights […]
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lawyerfbc
A share transfer can look simple—“I sell my shares, you pay, done.” In Turkey, it is rarely that clean. The procedure depends heavily on the company type: Limited Liability Company (Ltd. Şti.) versus Joint-Stock Company (A.Ş.). Foreign investors often face delays or disputes because they misunderstand transfer approvals, ignore pre-emption rights, or fail to update […]
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lawyerfbc
In Turkey, many corporate disputes and financial losses don’t start with bad business—they start with bad signing authority design. If the company’s representation and signing authority is too broad, one person can bind the company to loans, guarantees, leases, or long-term contracts that shareholders never intended. If it is too strict, operations slow down and […]
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lawyerfbc
Articles of Association in Turkey: Key Clauses and Negotiation Points (2025) When you incorporate a company in Turkey, the Articles of Association (AoA) is not just a standard form for the Trade Registry. It is the company’s constitutional document: it defines how the company is governed, how decisions are made, and how shareholders protect themselves […]
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lawyerfbc
Yes—you can incorporate a company in Turkey with a virtual office in many cases. But whether it is a good idea depends on your business activity, banking expectations, tax inspection risk, and how much “substance” your operation needs. Foreign founders often choose a virtual office to reduce costs and move fast, only to face delays […]
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lawyerfbc
If you are planning company formation in Turkey, you should budget for more than just Trade Registry fees. The true cost of setting up a company in Turkey includes incorporation expenses, foreign-document formalities, office/address costs, professional fees, banking/compliance setup, and the first months of ongoing obligations. This guide breaks down the typical cost items for […]
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lawyerfbc
Foreign investors often focus on how to incorporate a company in Turkey—MERSIS, Trade Registry, bank account, and operations. But the real long-term cost of a Turkish company is shaped by tax compliance, documentation discipline, and transaction structure. The biggest problems usually don’t come from the headline tax rates. They come from avoidable mistakes: wrong invoicing […]
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lawyerfbc
If you are setting up a foreign-invested company in Turkey or bringing in a partner/investor, your Articles of Association alone are rarely enough. The real “deal rules” that prevent disputes—and protect your money—typically sit in a Shareholders’ Agreement (SHA). A well-structured shareholders’ agreement in Turkey clarifies control, funding, exit rights, and what happens when things […]
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lawyerfbc
If you’re launching a startup in Turkey, choosing the right legal structure is not just paperwork—it directly affects fundraising, share transfers, control, and how easily you can exit later. The two most common options are a Limited Liability Company (Ltd. Şti.) and a Joint-Stock Company (A.Ş.). Both can work for startups, but they serve different […]
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