Once a financial institution in Turkey has successfully obtained its operating license from the relevant regulatory authority (e.g., BDDK or TCMB), it may legally commence its operations. However, licensing is not the end of the process — it marks the beginning of an intensively monitored and highly regulated operating environment. Below is a detailed breakdown […]
Turkey’s growing economy, strategic geographic location, and dynamic financial markets make it an attractive destination for foreign and domestic investors who seek to establish financial companies. However, financial institutions such as financing companies, factoring firms, leasing companies, and electronic money institutions are highly regulated under Turkish law. Therefore, incorporation in this sector requires strict adherence […]
As digital transformation sweeps across the global financial landscape, Turkey stands at a pivotal moment in regulating its fintech ecosystem. With a tech-savvy population, high internet penetration, and government-backed digitalization efforts, Turkey presents a fertile ground for the expansion of digital finance. Yet, entering this sector requires careful navigation of the legal and regulatory framework, […]
Turkey, as a transcontinental bridge between Europe and Asia, continues to attract substantial interest from foreign investors. With a population of over 85 million, a dynamic labor force, an industrial base, and geostrategic access to markets in the Middle East, CIS, and EU, Turkey has proven to be a desirable destination for foreign direct investment […]
Introduction The Turkish market offers significant opportunities for technology companies, particularly those operating in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and cryptocurrencies. The country’s young and digitally skilled population, emerging technology ecosystem and government-provided incentives support growth in these sectors. Turkey’s Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector has demonstrated an average annual growth rate 25.2% […]
1. Introduction: The Role of Legal Restrictions in Rule of Law and Market Stability Legal restrictions and prohibitions constitute the backbone of any structured legal system. Far beyond being mere bureaucratic obstacles, these constraints serve fundamental purposes: ensuring public order, protecting societal values, preventing harm, and preserving the integrity of economic systems. In today’s rapidly […]
Compliance & Supervision Obligations in Turkey: A Legal Perspective for Financial Institutions 🔍 Introduction In the modern financial world, compliance is no longer a mere legal formality—it has become an essential pillar of corporate governance and risk management. Especially in emerging markets like Turkey, where regulators actively monitor the financial ecosystem, non-compliance can trigger severe […]
Introduction In the modern financial ecosystem, compliance is no longer a box-ticking exercise — it is a strategic necessity. In Turkey, the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BDDK), Capital Markets Board (SPK), Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK), and other regulators require licensed institutions to implement robust and traceable compliance and supervision mechanisms. This article provides […]
Introduction In Turkey, the banking sector is regulated by one of the most powerful and independent institutions: the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BDDK). Any entity wishing to establish or operate a bank, finance company, or digital financial institution must undergo a strict licensing process managed by the BDDK. This article explores the legal framework, […]
Company Incorporation: The Pre-Licensing Step in Regulated Markets ⚖️ Introduction Establishing a company is often seen as a straightforward administrative process: choose a name, draft a charter, and register with the trade office. However, in regulated industries such as finance, energy, insurance, and telecommunications, company incorporation is much more than a legal formality—it is the […]