An Operation and Maintenance Agreement (often called an O&M contract) is the legal backbone of how power plants, industrial facilities, commercial buildings, and infrastructure assets are operated after construction and commissioning. In Turkey, these agreements are usually concluded as commercial contracts and shaped by general principles of the Turkish law of obligations, commercial practice, and—where […]
A Grandstand Supply and Installation Contract is increasingly used for stadiums, school facilities, municipal sports complexes, and temporary event venues where the project is not limited to the sale of materials but extends to on-site assembly, anchoring, safety compliance, and acceptance testing. In Turkish practice, these projects sit at the intersection of sale-of-goods logic and […]
First, the legal essence of an EPC arrangement is the contractor’s commitment to deliver a functioning facility rather than merely performing labour. Accordingly, the contract should define objective completion milestones, testing protocols, and acceptance criteria (e.g., capacity, availability, efficiency, and emissions). Without a disciplined performance-testing regime, disputes often arise over whether underperformance is attributable to […]
1) Why foreign-client paperwork fails (and how to prevent it) In cross-border legal work, the biggest delays rarely come from complex legal argument. They come from documents that are “almost correct”. A foreign client can hold a perfectly legitimate document in their home country and still face rejection in Türkiye because a Turkish authority focuses […]
1) Key Concepts You Must Know “Estate” (Tereke) The estate includes assets and debts. In Turkey, heirs generally step into the deceased’s legal position, meaning inheritance is not only “receiving property,” but also risk-managing liabilities. Immovable vs. Movable Assets This distinction matters greatly in cross-border cases: The Gatekeeper Document: Veraset İlamı (Certificate of Inheritance) Without […]
Filing a lawsuit is only the beginning of litigation in Türkiye. Before the court can meaningfully proceed—before deadlines start to run, before a defendant can be declared in default, and before a judgment can safely stand—the defendant must be properly served with the claim petition and subsequent court documents. In Turkish practice this is called […]
1) Why Your Foreign Divorce Often Doesn’t “Show Up” in Turkey Turkey generally requires an additional step for foreign judgments to have legal effect domestically. Even if your divorce is valid abroad, Turkish authorities may not treat you as divorced until one of the following happens: Until then, common practical problems include: 2) The Two […]
1. What Is a Turkish Tax Identification Number? In Turkey, the Tax Identification Number (Vergi Kimlik Numarası – VKN) is a unique numeric code used by the tax administration to identify taxpayers and persons involved in financial or legal transactions. For foreigners who do not yet have a Foreigner Identification Number (Yabancı Kimlik Numarası) from […]
1. What Is a Long-Term Residence Permit in Turkey? Under the Law on Foreigners and International Protection No. 6458 (LFIP), a long-term residence permit (often called indefinite or permanent residence) is a type of residence permit issued without a time limit to certain foreigners who have been living in Turkey for many years. Unlike short-term […]
1. Overview of the Turkish Banking and Finance Framework Turkey’s banking and finance law is built around a statutory and regulatory architecture designed to ensure confidence and stability in financial markets, protect depositors and investors, and promote integration with global and EU standards. The cornerstone of the system is Banking Law No. 5411, which sets […]