1. Legal Framework Applicable to Foreign-Flag Vessels 1.1 Key pieces of Turkish legislation Foreign-flag vessels trading to Turkey must be analysed primarily against four domestic pillars: These rules apply regardless of the flag or chosen contract law. Even where the bill of lading is subject to English law and London arbitration, mandatory Turkish provisions can […]
1. Legal Nature of a Branch Office in Turkey 1.1. Branch vs. Company: Not a Separate Legal Entity Under Turkish law, a branch is an extension of a foreign company operating in Turkey, but not a separate legal entity. It has: However, the foreign company remains fully liable for the branch’s obligations. The branch does […]
1. Legal Framework for Foreign Investment in Turkey Before choosing a specific sector, investors need a basic understanding of the general legal regime governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey. 1.1 Non-discrimination and freedom of investment Foreign investment in Turkey is primarily regulated by the Foreign Direct Investment Law No. 4875 and its secondary legislation. […]
1. Domestic Legal Foundations for the Protection of Foreign Investments 1.1. Principle of national treatment and freedom of investment Under Turkey’s foreign investment regime, foreign investors are in principle treated no less favourably than domestic investors. Foreign investors can establish companies, acquire shares, participate in joint ventures and enter into public–private partnership (PPP) structures subject […]
. Introduction Turkey has emerged as one of the most dynamic real-estate markets in the region. Its rapidly growing population, tourism potential, and strategic location between Europe, Asia and the Middle East create a unique magnet for property investors. For foreign buyers, Turkish real estate is not merely an asset class—it is a gateway to […]
Turkey has become a strategic hub for international capital, positioned at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Foreign direct investment flows into sectors such as real estate, energy, infrastructure, technology, logistics, manufacturing and financial services. However, the legal and regulatory environment is complex, dynamic and highly formalistic. For this reason, international investors […]
1. Introduction Project finance has been one of the driving forces behind Turkey’s infrastructure and energy development for the last three decades. From highways and airports to renewable power plants and public hospitals, Turkey has relied heavily on structured project financing to attract both local and international capital. In contrast to corporate lending, project finance […]
Introduction Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increasingly positioned Turkey as a regional hub for strategic mergers and acquisitions (M&A). With its dynamic economy, diversified industrial base, and advantageous geographical location connecting Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, Turkey continues to attract investors seeking to enter new markets or expand operations. For foreign investors, purchasing an […]
Introduction Over the last two decades, Turkey has become a regional magnet for large-scale industrial, energy, infrastructure, and technology investments. Its strategic position between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, combined with a growing domestic market of over 85 million people, provides fertile ground for both local and foreign investors seeking long-term opportunities. The Turkish […]