Sector-Specific Global Patent Tactics: Tech, Pharma, and Manufacturing There is no “one-size-fits-all” international patent strategy for commercial companies. What works for a software or AI firm may be ineffective—or even harmful—for a pharmaceutical innovator or an industrial manufacturer. Each sector differs in R&D cycle length, product lifespan, regulatory intensity, imitation patterns, and commercialization models, so […]
Patents in Export-Driven Companies: Protecting Products Overseas For commercial companies that export—or plan to export—patent strategy follows a different logic than domestic protection. Patent rights are territorial: a patent granted in Türkiye generally protects only within Türkiye. Once a product crosses borders, that protection does not automatically travel with it. As a result, two risks […]
International R&D and Patent Ownership: Who Owns the Invention? International research and development (R&D) projects are now at the center of commercial companies’ growth strategies. In sectors such as technology, pharmaceuticals, defense, software, automotive, and medical devices, a single product can involve teams, universities, startups, and suppliers from multiple countries at once. While this multi-actor […]
Patent Enforcement Abroad: Litigation, Customs, and Injunctions Patent enforcement abroad refers to the use of legal and administrative mechanisms by a patent holder to address acts of patent infringement occurring in foreign jurisdictions. Because patents are generally territorial rights, enforcement depends on the existence of a valid patent in the country where the alleged infringement […]
Technoparks, R&D and Other State Incentives in Turkey: Real Value and Risks for Investors For many foreign investors, Turkey’s Teknopark, R&D and other state incentives look like a free boost to valuation: tax breaks, grants and social security discounts that extend runway and improve margins. But from an investor’s perspective, the right question is not […]
Return-to-Office Mandates and Remote Work under Turkish LawAcquired “home office” practice, essential change, equality and CBAs 1. Global context: the RTO wave is real, but not absolute Internationally, especially in the US, many large employers are clearly moving away from fully-remote arrangements: At the same time, statistics show that hybrid work has become the dominant […]
Convertible Instruments in Turkish Law: How Are SAFEs and Convertible Loans Characterised? For foreign investors looking at Turkish start-ups, a recurring question is how “convertible instruments in Turkish law: how are SAFEs and convertible loans characterised?” In other words, when you sign a SAFE-style document or a convertible loan agreement with a Turkish company, are […]
Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements For a foreign VC investing in a Turkish company, “Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements” is not just a theoretical heading – it is the toolbox that determines how much real control and protection the investor has […]
Deadlock (Kilitlenme) Mechanisms: Shoot-out, Russian Roulette, Mediation & Arbitration Solutions in Turkish Joint Ventures For foreign investors entering 50–50 partnerships in Türkiye, deadlock (kilitlenme) mechanisms: shoot-out, Russian roulette, mediation & arbitration çözümleri are essential tools to prevent a promising joint venture from becoming permanently paralysed. In a typical Turkish structure, two shareholders each hold 50% […]