1) Contractual DNA: What a Turkish franchise really is In Turkish practice, a franchise is a sui generis (innominate) contract built from three pillars: trademark/know-how licence, distribution of goods/services, and continuous operational support (training, audits, marketing). The Turkish Code of Obligations supplies the basic rules on formation, performance, and breach; the Turkish Commercial Code frames […]
Introduction For many foreigners married to Turkish citizens, the most common question is: Can I obtain Turkish citizenship through marriage? The answer is yes—but not automatically. Under Law No. 5901 on Turkish Citizenship, foreigners married to Turkish citizens may apply for Turkish citizenship by marriage after meeting specific conditions, including a minimum 3-year marriage period, […]
Introduction Unlike general naturalization, which requires five years of residence, Turkish exceptional naturalization (İstisnai Yolla Vatandaşlık) allows certain foreigners to acquire Turkish citizenship directly by decision of the Council of Ministers (now the President) without fulfilling ordinary residence or settlement conditions. The grounds for exceptional naturalization are listed in Law No. 5901 on Turkish Citizenship. […]
Introduction If you are planning to acquire Turkish citizenship through Turkish general naturalization, this guide explains the legal framework, who qualifies, the evidence you must prepare, and how to handle common problems. Under Turkish Citizenship Law (Law No. 5901), “general naturalization” (Genel Yolla Vatandaşlık) is the standard route for eligible foreigners who can demonstrate long-term […]
Introduction If you are exploring whether you or your child qualify for Turkish citizenship by birth, this guide explains the legal framework, who is eligible, which documents you will need, and how to resolve the most common problems. Under Turkish law, citizenship by birth primarily follows jus sanguinis (citizenship by descent), meaning that a child […]
1) Executive Summary Türkiye does not yet have a stand-alone “AI Act.” Compliance for AI systems is achieved by mapping use cases onto a layered framework: personal data protection (Law No. 6698, “KVKK”), civil liability and contracts (Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, “TCO”), the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, consumer protection (Law No. 6502), […]
1) System Overview and Core Sources Turkey follows a civil-law system with a title-registration (tapu sicili) regime administered by the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. Ownership and most in rem rights over immovables arise and are perfected by registration. Four pillars frame the practice: What counts as “immovable”? Land, independent and permanent rights […]
1) Legal Framework and Institutional Map Primary Legislation. Residence in Turkey by non-citizens is governed principally by the Law on Foreigners and International Protection (Law No. 6458) (“LFIP”) and its secondary legislation (Implementation Regulation and various circulars). Work authorization is handled under the International Labor Force Law (Law No. 6735), but a valid work permit […]
19) Model Clause Snippets (Plain English → Turkish Law Ready) Hardship (TCO 138-aligned):“The Parties acknowledge that extraordinary, unforeseeable events that fundamentally disturb the contractual equilibrium may entitle the affected party to seek adaptation in good faith. Failing agreement within 30 days of a written request, the affected party may apply to court for adaptation or […]