Introduction Import and export of narcotic substances under Article 188/2 of the Turkish Penal Code is among the most heavily punished offenses in Turkish criminal law. The provision criminalizes both bringing narcotics into Turkey (import/ithal) and taking them out of Turkey (export/ihracat). As Turkey is geographically positioned between Asia and Europe, it is considered a […]
Introduction Providing opportunity for narcotic substance use under Article 190/2 of the Turkish Penal Code is a separate and aggravated form of facilitation of drug use. While Article 190(1) generally criminalizes facilitation or encouragement of narcotic consumption, Article 190/2 specifically punishes those who make places, means, or opportunities available for others to consume narcotics. For […]
Introduction Facilitation of narcotic substance use under Article 190 of the Turkish Penal Code is a separate offense that targets conduct enabling or encouraging others to use narcotics. Unlike Article 188 (trafficking) and Article 191 (personal possession), this provision criminalizes those who may not directly produce, sell, or consume drugs, but who create opportunities, provide […]
Introduction Possession of narcotic substances for personal use under Article 191 of the Turkish Penal Code is a distinct offense in Turkish criminal law, separated from drug trafficking (Article 188 TPC). While trafficking is punished as a crime against public health with severe penalties, Article 191 addresses the situation where individuals hold narcotics only for […]
Introduction Production and trafficking of narcotic or stimulant substances under Article 188 of the Turkish Penal Code is one of the gravest criminal offenses in Turkey. Foreigners residing, visiting, or doing business in Turkey should be fully aware of the severe legal consequences attached to drug-related crimes. Turkish criminal law treats narcotic and stimulant substance […]
Introduction Traffic accidents in Turkey are unfortunately common, and disputes arising from these incidents often lead to complex legal proceedings. For both Turkish citizens and foreign nationals, understanding the legal framework, liability principles, and available remedies is crucial. In this article, we will examine the rules governing traffic accident disputes in Turkey, the rights of […]
Introduction Free Zones in Turkey: Tax Benefits and Business Opportunities are among the most attractive incentives for both local entrepreneurs and foreign investors. These special economic areas offer unique fiscal advantages, simplified procedures, and strategic access to global markets. In this blog post, we will examine the legal framework of Free Zones in Turkey, highlight […]