International arbitration has established itself as the premier mechanism for resolving cross-border commercial and investment disputes. When sophisticated corporate entities or sovereign states enter into international contracts, they routinely eschew domestic courts in favor of neutral, private tribunals. The preference for arbitration stems from its inherent structural advantages: procedural flexibility, confidentiality, specialized expertise of the […]
Navigating a foreign criminal justice system is an overwhelming and high-stakes ordeal for international investors, expats, and tourists. In the Republic of Türkiye, criminal law applies territorially to any individual who commits an alleged offense within national borders, regardless of their citizenship or visa status. The procedural framework governing criminal cases is established under the […]
1. Introduction Operating in Turkey’s electricity market—whether in generation, transmission, distribution, or supply—requires strict adherence to the legal framework established by Law No. 6446 and related regulations. The Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) plays a central role in granting licenses, supervising activities, and ensuring compliance.This guide outlines the types of licenses, application processes, unlicensed generation […]