Dumping-like “excessive discount” campaigns are increasingly common in the Turkish market, especially in e-commerce, holiday sales and aggressive promotional periods such as “11.11” or “Black Friday”. For foreign companies operating in or targeting Türkiye, it is crucial to understand when such campaigns may cross the line from legitimate competition into unfair competition under the Turkish […]
1. Introduction A ship is a movable asset of high economic value and constitutes a fundamental unit of international trade. Unlike ordinary movable property, ships are subject to a public registration system, and legal actions such as ownership transfer, mortgage, and seizure are governed by specific legal rules. In Turkey, the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) […]
1. Introduction Charter party agreements are a common and economically significant contractual mechanism in maritime commerce. These agreements, which govern the chartering of a vessel wholly or partially for a voyage or period of time, often give rise to legal disputes due to performance issues. This article explores the main areas of conflict that arise […]
1. Introduction Maritime transport is one of the backbone methods of international trade. Preferred for its ability to move large volumes of high-value goods economically and efficiently, it also brings legal risks and a high potential for disputes. In particular, situations involving cargo damage, short delivery, or non-delivery often give rise to disputes between the […]