Introduction Opening a pharmacy in Turkey is not a simple commercial registration process. A pharmacy is legally regarded as a healthcare institution, and pharmacy practice is a regulated healthcare profession. For this reason, anyone who wants to understand how to open a pharmacy in Turkey must carefully examine Turkish pharmacy law, administrative licensing rules, professional […]
Introduction Pharmacy law in Turkey is a highly regulated area of healthcare law that governs the professional activities of pharmacists, the opening and operation of pharmacies, the sale and supply of medicines, prescription compliance, pharmaceutical safety, reimbursement rules and administrative supervision. A pharmacy in Turkey is not treated as an ordinary commercial shop. It is […]
Introduction Pharmacy law in Turkey is a highly regulated area of healthcare law that governs the establishment, operation, transfer, inspection and professional responsibilities of pharmacies and pharmacists. Unlike ordinary commercial businesses, pharmacies in Turkey are not treated merely as retail stores. They are healthcare institutions operating under strict public health rules, professional ethics, administrative licensing […]
Introduction Custody services in Turkish capital markets are one of the most important legal mechanisms protecting investors, investment funds, portfolio management clients and collective investment institutions. In capital markets, investors often do not physically hold securities. Instead, shares, investment fund units, debt instruments, warrants, certificates, government debt instruments, lease certificates and other dematerialized capital market […]
Introduction Portfolio management companies in Turkey are regulated capital market institutions authorized by the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye, known as the CMB in English and SPK in Turkish. These companies play a central role in the Turkish capital market ecosystem because they establish and manage investment funds, manage collective investment portfolios, provide individual portfolio […]
Introduction Venture Capital Investment Trusts in Turkey, known in Turkish as Girişim Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklıkları or GSYO, are regulated capital market institutions designed to invest primarily in venture capital investments. Although the English expression “Venture Capital Investment Trust” is frequently used for international readers and SEO purposes, the Turkish legal structure is not a common-law […]
Introduction Crowdfunding regulation in Turkey under Capital Markets Law has become an important part of the Turkish startup, fintech and capital market ecosystem. Crowdfunding allows entrepreneurs and early-stage companies to raise funds from a broad investor base through licensed electronic platforms. In Turkish capital market law, the regulated model covers mainly equity-based crowdfunding and debt-based […]
Introduction Unauthorized capital market activities in Turkey are among the most serious violations under Turkish Capital Market Law. Capital market activities such as brokerage, investment advice, portfolio management, order transmission, custody, public offering intermediation, leveraged transactions and certain crypto asset services cannot be provided freely by any person or company. These activities require authorization from […]
Introduction Capital market crimes in Turkey are regulated mainly under Capital Markets Law No. 6362, supported by secondary regulations of the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye, known as the CMB in English and SPK in Turkish. These crimes are designed to protect market integrity, investor confidence, fair price formation, transparent public disclosure and the proper […]
Introduction Financial reporting obligations for listed companies in Turkey are among the most important duties imposed on public companies under Turkish Capital Market Law. Investors, shareholders, creditors, analysts, regulators and the market rely on financial statements and annual reports to evaluate a listed company’s financial condition, profitability, cash flow, assets, liabilities, risk exposure and management […]