Startup valuation is one of the most important issues in any investment transaction. When a founder speaks with an angel investor or venture capital fund, the first commercial questions are usually: These questions are closely connected. A startup investment is not simply a transaction in which the parties agree that a company is worth a […]
Court Decisions: Recognition and Enforcement Under PILA (MÖHUK): 2nd Civil Chamber 2016/19230 E. , 2017/8979 K. “Text of Jurisprudence” COURT: Family Court A correction of decision having been requested regarding the dismissal of the request for correction of decision filed against the ruling of our Chamber dated 23/12/2015 and numbered 19770-24782, the case file was […]
SAFE agreements have become one of the most popular early-stage startup financing instruments in the international venture capital ecosystem. The term SAFE stands for Simple Agreement for Future Equity. The instrument was originally developed by Y Combinator as an alternative to traditional convertible notes. Its commercial purpose is straightforward: an investor provides money to a […]
Convertible financing has become one of the most widely used methods for funding early-stage startups around the world. Instead of determining a precise company valuation and issuing shares immediately, an investor may provide financing to the startup today with the expectation that the investment will later convert into equity. This type of structure can be […]
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Judgments The recognition and enforcement of judgments rendered by foreign courts so that they may produce legal effects in another country is one of the important subjects of private international law. As a general rule, a judgment rendered by the court of a state produces its legal effects only […]
International Jurisdiction of Turkish Courts In private law disputes involving a foreign element, determining the international jurisdiction of Turkish courts is one of the fundamental issues of private international law. The fact that a dispute involves a foreign element does not necessarily mean that the case must be heard by a foreign court. Likewise, the […]
Non-Contractual Obligations Arising from Torts under MÖHUK In cases involving a foreign element, determining the law applicable to obligations arising from torts is one of the important issues of Turkish Private International Law. Situations in which the tortfeasor and the injured party are nationals of different countries, the harmful act occurs in one country while […]
What Law Applies When Foreigners Enter into Contracts in Türkiye and When Turkish Citizens Enter into Contracts with Foreigners? Are Turkish Courts Competent to Hear Contractual Disputes? Contracts involving a foreign element are among the most common areas of international private law. The fact that one of the parties is a foreign national, that the […]
Convertible financing has become one of the most widely used methods for funding early-stage startups around the world. Instead of determining a precise company valuation and issuing shares immediately, an investor may provide financing to the startup today with the expectation that the investment will later convert into equity. This type of structure can be […]
A term sheet is one of the first major legal documents used during a startup investment process. When founders and investors begin discussing a financing round, they usually negotiate several commercial issues before preparing the final investment documents. These issues may include: Rather than immediately drafting a lengthy investment agreement and shareholders’ agreement, the parties […]