1. Introduction International criminal law deals with one of the most important questions in cross-border criminal cases: which state has the authority to investigate, prosecute and punish a crime? In a globalized world, criminal acts often have connections with more than one country. A fraud may be organized in one country, the victim may be […]
The digitalization of the global financial system has fundamentally transformed both traditional banking mechanics and the emerging digital asset landscape. Turkey, possessing high rates of cryptocurrency adoption alongside highly integrated digital banking systems, has created a sophisticated judicial approach to combat financial crimes. For foreign investors, expatriates, and financial institutions, navigating the boundary between a […]
In Turkey, once a criminal investigation targets a company or its executives, it is not only personal liberty that is at stake. The criminal justice system (under the Turkish Penal Code – TCK – and the Criminal Procedure Code – CMK) allows prosecutors and judges to freeze bank accounts, seize immovable properties, and even take […]
Introduction The Turkish Criminal Law (Türk Ceza Hukuku) is primarily codified in the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 (Türk Ceza Kanunu – TCK), which came into force in 2005. Its General Provisions (Genel Hükümler) set out the core rules that apply to all crimes and punishments. These provisions are the backbone of the criminal justice […]
The collapse of a building or the use of unauthorized materials during construction can result in devastating human and economic consequences. These failures often expose not only contractors and engineers but also real estate company managers to civil and criminal liability. In Turkey, as in many other jurisdictions, real estate company managers are no longer […]