A foreign investor may enter a Turkish startup or privately held company based not only on its revenue but also on the assets, intellectual property, customer relationships, employees, licences, contracts and business infrastructure held by that company. A serious problem may arise when, shortly before the investor’s planned exit, the founders begin transferring those assets […]
Paid for Shares in a Turkish Company but Never Became a Shareholder? Legal Remedies for Foreign Investors A foreign investor agrees to acquire shares in a Turkish company. The share purchase agreement is signed. The purchase price is transferred. The seller receives the money. But weeks or months later, the investor discovers that the shares […]
The Data Residency Trap for AI and SaaS Companies A Turkish SaaS company stores all customer records on servers located in Istanbul. Its database, backups and application infrastructure are hosted in Türkiye. From a technical perspective, the company therefore considers itself to have a “Türkiye-only” data architecture. There is, however, one additional component. Whenever a […]
Artificial intelligence can now create an entire advertising campaign in seconds. A company can ask a generative AI system to write product claims, produce photographs, create an artificial spokesperson, generate customer testimonials and even produce a video showing the product being used. But imagine that the AI-generated advertisement says: “Clinically proven to reduce hair loss […]
Legal Remedies Against Unlawful Marketplace Store Suspension and Termination Under Turkish Law For many online sellers, losing access to a marketplace account is no longer a minor operational problem. A business may generate 70%, 80% or even 100% of its turnover through platforms such as Trendyol, Hepsiburada, Amazon, N11, ÇiçekSepeti or another electronic marketplace. If […]
A Practical Legal Guide to the Civil, Consumer and Regulatory Liability of Medical Tourism Agencies in Turkey A foreign patient sees an advertisement on Instagram offering a “complete cosmetic surgery package in Istanbul.” The patient contacts the company through WhatsApp. The company recommends a surgeon, arranges the hospital, collects payment, organizes the hotel and airport […]
Traditional enforcement investigations usually begin with familiar assets: But an increasingly common enforcement problem looks very different. The debtor has: yet regularly trades cryptocurrency. The creditor suspects that the debtor holds substantial amounts of: Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT or other crypto assets. This raises two separate questions: Can cryptocurrency legally be seized in Türkiye? and Even […]
Cryptocurrency has created a new challenge in divorce and matrimonial property disputes: assets can be transferred within seconds, held outside traditional banks, moved to foreign exchanges, converted into stablecoins, or stored in private wallets that do not display the owner’s name. This does not mean, however, that crypto assets are invisible to the courts. In […]
Imagínese este escenario: una mañana se despierta, se prepara el café y consulta casualmente las noticias o el Boletín Oficial, solo para descubrir que su barrio —las calles que recorre a diario, la casa en la que ha invertido los ahorros de toda su vida— ha sido oficialmente designado como «Zona de Edificios de Reserva» (Rezerv Yapı Alanı) por el gobierno. […]
Construction projects are inherently high-risk operations. Employees may work at height, operate heavy machinery, enter excavations, handle electrical systems, work around cranes and lifting equipment, use hazardous substances and perform multiple activities simultaneously within a constantly changing work environment. For this reason, occupational health and safety in Turkish construction projects is not treated merely as […]