Franchise and Distribution Agreements in Turkey: Legal Risks and Protections Doing business in Turkey through a local partner can be very attractive. The market is young, dynamic and strongly connected to both Europe and the Middle East. However, using franchise or distribution models without a solid contract can easily lead to disputes, loss of reputation […]
Renting or Leasing Property in Turkey: Key Clauses to Protect Yourself If you are renting or leasing a flat, office or shop in Turkey, the most important protection you have is the written lease agreement. Turkish law gives both tenant and landlord certain rights, but what you sign will strongly shape how easy it is […]
Double taxation is not just a theoretical concern in textbooks; it is a real economic risk that can significantly reduce the net return of foreign investments. It arises because different countries exercise their taxing powers based on residence and source, sometimes simultaneously, and because domestic rules are not automatically aligned.
Handled correctly, Turkish tax law does not have to be a trap – it can be a competitive advantage that increases your net return instead of eroding it.
COLLISION IN MARITIME LAW (A Comprehensive Study on the Law of Ship Collisions) 1. Introduction With the development of maritime transportation, ship collisions at sea (“collisions”) have come to bear serious consequences both in terms of property and human life. For this reason, the issue of collision has been subjected to special regulations within maritime […]
Definition, Legal Nature, and Turkish Supreme Court Practice I. Introduction Maritime trade, an inherently international and high-risk sector carrying a significant portion of global trade volume, relies heavily on the charterparty (contract of carriage by sea) as one of its fundamental agreements. In the Turkish Commercial Code (Law No. 6102, “TCC”), maritime trade is regulated […]
When a foreign creditor starts court or enforcement proceedings in Turkey, it is common for the Turkish debtor to respond with a jurisdiction objection such as: “Turkish courts are not competent, our contract sends disputes to a foreign court / mediation / arbitration.” This does not automatically kill your case, but it changes the strategy. […]
Turkey’s citizenship by investment programme allows foreigners to acquire Turkish nationality through qualifying real estate purchases, bank deposits or other forms of investment. When the investment is genuine and properly documented, this route can be stable and long term. However, if the investment is built on fake or inflated valuations, sham payment flows or “cash-back” […]
Many foreigners think that overstaying in Turkey is “just a small fine at the airport.” In reality, Turkish law treats overstays as a violation of the right to legal stay, which can lead to fines, multi-year entry bans, deportation procedures and, in some cases, human-rights discussions about non-refoulement (protection against return to danger). This guide […]
When a foreign creditor starts enforcement proceedings in Turkey and the Turkish debtor objects to the payment order, the enforcement automatically stops. At that point, the foreign creditor has two main legal remedies under Turkish Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law: Both remedies are subject to strict time limits and different evidentiary rules, so choosing correctly is […]