Protecting estate assets in Turkey begins long before heirs sit down to divide the estate. The most dangerous period is often the short window immediately after death, when ownership has already passed by law but the estate has not yet been documented, controlled, or stabilized. In that interval, real estate can remain unregistered in the […]
Inheritance disputes in Turkey often begin with a simple but legally difficult question: if a person dies without children, who inherits next? Many families assume the answer is obvious. In practice, Turkish law is more structured than family intuition. The Turkish Civil Code follows a class-based succession system. Descendants come first. If there are no […]
Adoption has a clear and very important inheritance effect under Turkish law. Once a valid adoption relationship exists, the adopted child does not stand outside the inheritance system as a secondary or weaker family member. The Turkish Civil Code expressly states that the adopted child and the adopted child’s descendants inherit from the adoptive parent […]
The short answer is yes, but not always. Under Turkish inheritance law, brothers and sisters can inherit, yet they do not stand in the first line of succession. Their right depends on the structure of the deceased person’s family at the time of death. If the deceased left descendants such as children or grandchildren, siblings […]
Inheritance disputes in Turkey usually begin long before a courtroom filing. They start when a death leaves behind unanswered questions about who the heirs are, whether a will exists, whether the estate contains debt, who may control the deceased’s assets, and how family members are supposed to divide property that has passed to them together. […]
The legal conversation around alternative marine fuels in shipping has changed fundamentally. A few years ago, the main question was whether LNG, methanol, or ammonia could realistically support decarbonisation. Today, the more pressing legal question is different: who carries the risk when these fuels are used, how are they regulated, and what happens when the […]
Decarbonisation clauses in charterparties have moved from optional drafting innovations to core commercial protections. The reason is simple: shipping is no longer regulated only through traditional safety, cargo, and seaworthiness rules. It is now also regulated through carbon-pricing systems, fuel-intensity standards, energy-efficiency requirements, and annual performance ratings that can affect trading rights, costs, and vessel […]
Sanctions compliance in shipping is no longer a niche issue for specialist compliance teams. It is now a core legal and commercial risk for shipowners, charterers, traders, cargo interests, banks, brokers, managers, insurers, and P&I clubs because a sanctions problem can stop a voyage, invalidate a trade plan, cut off insurance support, trigger port-access restrictions, […]
Maritime cyber risk management has moved from a technical IT issue to a core legal and operational duty for shipowners. Modern ships depend on interconnected bridge systems, engine-control environments, cargo software, satellite communications, remote diagnostics, fleet platforms, and port-facing digital interfaces. The IMO now defines maritime cyber risk as the extent to which computer-based systems […]
The legal debate around electronic bills of lading is no longer about whether digitisation is commercially desirable. It is about whether digital trade documents can perform the same legal functions as paper originals in a way that courts, carriers, banks, insurers, and cargo interests will reliably respect. That question matters because the bill of lading […]