The penalty for committing a customs offence in Turkey depends on the exact nature of the act. Not every violation at customs automatically results in imprisonment. Some cases lead only to an administrative customs fine, while others may result in seizure of goods, confiscation, criminal investigation, or even a serious criminal trial under the Turkish […]
1. Introduction: What Does It Mean to Be a Foreign Defendant in Turkey? A foreign national who is investigated or prosecuted in Turkey is not deprived of fundamental procedural rights merely because he or she is not a Turkish citizen. In Turkish criminal procedure, the decisive issue is not nationality, but whether the person is […]
1. What Is Extradition in Criminal Law? In criminal law, extradition means the surrender of a person found in one state to another state for criminal prosecution or for the enforcement of a final sentence. Under Turkish practice, extradition applies to suspects, defendants and convicted persons who are requested by a foreign state or whose […]
1. Introduction International criminal law deals with one of the most important questions in cross-border criminal cases: which state has the authority to investigate, prosecute and punish a crime? In a globalized world, criminal acts often have connections with more than one country. A fraud may be organized in one country, the victim may be […]
Introduction In criminal law, the “place where a crime is committed” is not merely a geographical address. It is a legal concept that determines whether Turkish criminal law applies, which public prosecutor’s office may conduct the investigation, which court has territorial jurisdiction, where evidence should be collected, and whether an objection to jurisdiction may be […]
Criminal law is usually based on the principle of territoriality. In simple terms, this means that a crime is generally prosecuted by the state where it was committed. However, modern criminal law systems do not rely only on territorial jurisdiction. In some cases, a country may prosecute its own citizens for crimes committed abroad. Turkish […]
1. Introduction Dual citizenship has become increasingly common due to migration, international marriages, investment-based citizenship programs, global mobility and large diaspora communities. As a result, dual nationality is not only a matter of citizenship law but also a significant issue in criminal law. When a person is both a Turkish citizen and a citizen of […]
1. Introduction Crimes committed in international airspace raise complex questions of criminal jurisdiction. When an assault, threat, theft, sexual offence, drug-related offence, attack against crew members, bomb threat or aircraft hijacking occurs during an international flight, one of the first legal questions is: which country has the authority to investigate and prosecute the offence? The […]
Turkey is one of the most visited countries by German citizens. Many German nationals travel to Turkey for holidays, family visits, business trips, medical treatment or transit purposes. In most cases, the entry process is routine. However, legal issues may arise when a foreign visitor is stopped at customs because of undeclared goods, prohibited items, […]
Within the modern globalized enterprise ecosystem, the acquisition and retention of international human capital is a primary commercial catalyst. Sponsoring specialized foreign professionals via non-immigrant work tracks—such as H-1B specialty occupations, L-1 intra-company executive transfers, or O-1 extraordinary talent lines—allows corporate entities to bridge critical technical engineering, financial, and operational leadership deficits. However, under the […]