Introduction Bank Account Suddenly Frozen After International Transfer is a distressing scenario that many foreign investors encounter when wiring significant funds to Turkey for business or property transactions. While international transfers are routine in global finance, banks in Turkey apply strict Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know-Your-Customer (KYC) procedures. These compliance mechanisms are designed to protect […]
Introduction The digital environment has become the primary forum for the exercise of freedom of expression, political debate, and commercial activity. However, state authorities often impose website blockings and access bans, justified on grounds of national security, public order, or the protection of individual rights. While such restrictions may appear legitimate, they often raise profound […]
Introduction Banking Secrecy vs. Data Sharing has become one of the most pressing legal dilemmas in modern finance. While banking secrecy traditionally guaranteed clients absolute confidentiality, today AML and KYC frameworks require extensive disclosure, challenging the very boundaries of client privacy. This essay explores the legal framework, risks, and compliance obligations governing banking secrecy and […]
Introduction The transition from traditional lending mechanisms to digital loan agreements marks a profound shift in global banking practices. Online lending platforms, fintech companies, and even conventional banks increasingly rely on electronic contracts to streamline credit allocation, reduce transaction costs, and enhance accessibility. However, this digital transformation brings with it a host of legal risks, […]
Introduction Trademark Protection in Turkish Franchise has emerged as a cornerstone of commercial law in Turkey’s dynamic franchise sector. As global brands penetrate the Turkish market, the ability to safeguard intellectual property (IP), maintain confidentiality of know-how, and enforce rights against infringement has become indispensable. Without robust protection mechanisms, franchisors risk brand dilution, unfair competition, […]
Introduction Franchise Taxation in Turkey constitutes one of the most critical dimensions of cross-border franchising. While Turkey offers a lucrative and rapidly expanding market for global brands, foreign investors must navigate a complex tax environment governed by corporate income tax, withholding tax, value-added tax (VAT), and international double taxation treaties. For multinational enterprises, understanding franchise […]
Introduction How to Open a Franchise Company in Turkey as a Foreigner is a frequent question among international entrepreneurs. Turkey, with its strategic location, young population, and rapidly developing economy, offers unique opportunities for global franchise brands. However, opening a franchise company in Turkey as a foreigner requires careful planning, legal compliance, and registration with […]
1. Legal Nature of Franchise Agreements In Turkish law, a franchise agreement is considered a sui generis contract — it does not have a dedicated regulation but falls under general contract principles. Courts often apply provisions of agency, sales, and license agreements by analogy. This makes the drafting of franchise agreements in Turkey especially important, […]
Introduction Franchise in Turkey has become an attractive business model for foreign investors seeking to enter the dynamic Turkish market. With a young population, strategic location, and strong retail growth, franchising offers significant opportunities. However, investors must first understand the legal framework regulating franchise agreements in Turkey. For foreign investors considering franchising in Turkey, it […]
1. Basic Legal Framework Selling products in Turkey involves compliance with: Whether you are an individual foreigner or a foreign company, the obligations will differ. 2. Selling as an Individual (Occasional or Online) If you are not establishing a business but want to sell occasionally (e.g., via online platforms like Etsy, Amazon, Trendyol): 3. Selling […]