Introduction Police and governorate decisions in Turkey play a central role in maintaining public order, public security, public health and public peace. These decisions may affect individuals, companies, associations, political groups, event organizers, business owners, foreign nationals, students, journalists and civil society organizations. A governorate may ban or postpone a public meeting, restrict entry to […]
Introduction Failure to implement administrative court judgments in Turkey is one of the most serious violations of the rule of law. Administrative courts exist to review the legality of public authority. If a public authority loses a case but refuses, delays, narrows or formally avoids the implementation of the judgment, judicial review becomes ineffective. For […]
Introduction Administrative contracts in Turkey are a key part of Turkish administrative law, especially in areas where public authorities cooperate with private companies to provide public services, infrastructure, energy, transportation, healthcare, ports, airports, highways, utilities and other major public projects. Unlike ordinary private-law contracts, administrative contracts involve the exercise of public authority, the protection of […]
Introduction E-attachment and bank account freezing in Turkey are among the most powerful collection tools used by public authorities. A taxpayer, company, director, shareholder, employer, foreign investor or individual may suddenly discover that bank accounts are blocked, commercial cash flow is interrupted, credit cards are affected, receivables cannot be collected, or company payments cannot be […]
Introduction License cancellation in Turkey is one of the most serious administrative risks for businesses and investors. A license, permit, authorization or operating certificate is often the legal foundation of commercial activity. If it is cancelled, a company may lose the right to operate, generate revenue, continue contracts, employ workers, import or export goods, run […]
Introduction Business closure decisions in Turkey are among the most serious administrative measures that can be imposed on a commercial enterprise. A closure, sealing or shutdown order may immediately stop business operations, prevent customer access, block revenue, damage reputation, interrupt employment relationships, affect supplier contracts and create significant financial loss. For restaurants, cafés, hotels, factories, […]
Introduction Environmental administrative decisions in Turkey are among the most important areas of Turkish administrative law. They affect industrial facilities, mining projects, energy investments, infrastructure works, ports, waste management facilities, wastewater discharge systems, tourism projects, construction investments, municipalities, local communities, NGOs, property owners and investors. A single environmental decision may determine whether a project can […]
Introduction Urban transformation in Turkey is one of the most important legal and administrative mechanisms affecting property owners, tenants, contractors, investors, municipalities and residents. Because Turkey is located in an earthquake-prone region, the transformation of unsafe buildings and disaster-risk areas has become a major public policy issue. However, urban transformation is not only a technical […]
Introduction Expropriation in Turkey is one of the most important intersections between property law, administrative law and constitutional law. It allows the State and public legal entities to acquire privately owned immovable property where public interest requires it. However, because expropriation directly interferes with private ownership, it is subject to strict constitutional, statutory and judicial […]
Introduction Public hospital malpractice claims in Turkey are legally different from ordinary private hospital malpractice disputes. When a patient is harmed because of medical negligence, delayed diagnosis, surgical error, medication mistake, lack of monitoring, emergency service failure, infection control problem or insufficient informed consent in a public hospital, the claim is generally evaluated under Turkish […]