Introduction: Old Code, New Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how we work, communicate, and make decisions. Autonomous vehicles, algorithmic decision systems, generative models, and robotics are now involved in contexts where serious harm can occur. This has led many commentators to ask a provocative question:Do we need an entirely new criminal code designed specifically […]
Introduction: From Helpful Tool to Weapon Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are designed to assist, optimize, and augment human capabilities. Yet the same systems can be weaponized by users to commit or facilitate crime. From AI-generated phishing emails and deepfake videos to automated harassment, cyberattacks, and targeted manipulation, we increasingly see AI misuse cases where users […]
Introduction: When the “Actor” Is a System but the Beneficiary Is a Company Autonomous systems — including AI-powered software, robots, self-driving vehicles, and algorithmic decision platforms — are increasingly deployed by corporations to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and open new business models. When these systems misbehave and cause harm — discrimination, accidents, data breaches, financial […]
1. Legal Framework of Traffic Accident Compensation in Turkey When a traffic accident occurs in Turkey, several legal sources come into play: For foreigners, there is no separate compensation regime. In principle, foreign and Turkish nationals are treated equally before Turkish courts and insurance companies. However, foreigners face practical challenges: Because of these complexities, it […]
1. Introduction: When Customs Turns into a Legal Problem Foreigners entering or leaving Turkey with cash, jewelry, watches, electronics or commercial goods are often surprised to discover that customs officials have the power to seize these items on the spot. Sometimes the issue is purely administrative (missing declaration, exceeding allowance, unpaid customs duty). In other […]
Introduction: When Code Meets Criminal Intent Modern artificial intelligence (AI) and software systems are the result of a division of labor: programmers design and implement the tools, while users decide how and for what purposes those tools are used. When AI systems are involved in crime — fraud, cyber-attacks, discrimination, harassment, or physical harm through […]
Introduction: When Code Causes Harm, Who Is to Blame? Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are built, trained, and maintained by human developers — software engineers, data scientists, system architects, and AI researchers. When these systems cause harm — by misdiagnosing patients, causing car accidents, enabling discriminatory decisions, or facilitating cybercrime — the question arises: to what […]
1. Typical scenario: what actually happens at the airport? Foreign passengers are frequently stopped at Istanbul, Sabiha Gökçen, Antalya and other Turkish airports when they: In practice, a typical case unfolds as follows: At this point, most foreigners are frightened, confused and worried about both losing their property and facing criminal charges in a foreign […]
1. Legal Framework: Citizenship by Investment Through Real Estate in Turkey Turkish citizenship by investment through property acquisition is mainly governed by: Under the current rules (subject to changes by the Presidency and the Ministry): Within this regime, the State aims to attract genuine, long-term foreign capital rather than short-term speculative or “paper” transactions. That […]