Introduction: One Technology, Many Legal Answers Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly deployed across borders, but the legal answers to AI-related harm are far from uniform. The European Union, the United States, and key Asian jurisdictions (such as China, Japan, South Korea and Singapore) are developing distinct liability models for AI systems. These models differ not […]
1. Introduction: Why Foreigners Need a Specific Guide When a foreign national is taken into custody in Turkey, the situation is not only a criminal law problem. It immediately becomes a multi-layered legal issue that involves: A Turkish citizen will usually have family, language knowledge and familiarity with the system to navigate the process. A […]
Introduction The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (Artificial Intelligence Act – Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) was adopted in June 2024 and entered into force on 1 August 2024, with most of its provisions scheduled for phased application over the following months and years. As the world’s first comprehensive horizontal regulation on artificial intelligence, the AI Act […]
1. Legal Framework: Why the Trade Registry Matters 1.1. Principle of registration and publicity Under the Turkish Commercial Code, certain facts concerning commercial enterprises and companies must be registered and published. The Trade Registry is a public database kept under the supervision of the Ministry of Trade and operated by regional trade registry offices. It […]
Introduction: Old Code, New Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how we work, communicate, and make decisions. Autonomous vehicles, algorithmic decision systems, generative models, and robotics are now involved in contexts where serious harm can occur. This has led many commentators to ask a provocative question:Do we need an entirely new criminal code designed specifically […]
1. Why Medical Malpractice Has Become a Cross-Border Issue Medical malpractice used to be a largely domestic issue: a patient was treated in their home country by local doctors, in local hospitals, under clearly applicable national law. Today, this picture has changed dramatically. When something goes wrong – a misdiagnosis, an avoidable surgical complication, a […]
Introduction: Old Code, New Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how we work, communicate, and make decisions. Autonomous vehicles, algorithmic decision systems, generative models, and robotics are now involved in contexts where serious harm can occur. This has led many commentators to ask a provocative question:Do we need an entirely new criminal code designed specifically […]
Introduction: From Helpful Tool to Weapon Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are designed to assist, optimize, and augment human capabilities. Yet the same systems can be weaponized by users to commit or facilitate crime. From AI-generated phishing emails and deepfake videos to automated harassment, cyberattacks, and targeted manipulation, we increasingly see AI misuse cases where users […]
Introduction: When the “Actor” Is a System but the Beneficiary Is a Company Autonomous systems — including AI-powered software, robots, self-driving vehicles, and algorithmic decision platforms — are increasingly deployed by corporations to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and open new business models. When these systems misbehave and cause harm — discrimination, accidents, data breaches, financial […]