1. Legal Framework of Traffic Accident Compensation in Turkey When a traffic accident occurs in Turkey, several legal sources come into play: For foreigners, there is no separate compensation regime. In principle, foreign and Turkish nationals are treated equally before Turkish courts and insurance companies. However, foreigners face practical challenges: Because of these complexities, it […]
1. Introduction: When Customs Turns into a Legal Problem Foreigners entering or leaving Turkey with cash, jewelry, watches, electronics or commercial goods are often surprised to discover that customs officials have the power to seize these items on the spot. Sometimes the issue is purely administrative (missing declaration, exceeding allowance, unpaid customs duty). In other […]
Introduction: When Code Meets Criminal Intent Modern artificial intelligence (AI) and software systems are the result of a division of labor: programmers design and implement the tools, while users decide how and for what purposes those tools are used. When AI systems are involved in crime — fraud, cyber-attacks, discrimination, harassment, or physical harm through […]
Introduction: When Code Causes Harm, Who Is to Blame? Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are built, trained, and maintained by human developers — software engineers, data scientists, system architects, and AI researchers. When these systems cause harm — by misdiagnosing patients, causing car accidents, enabling discriminatory decisions, or facilitating cybercrime — the question arises: to what […]
1. Typical scenario: what actually happens at the airport? Foreign passengers are frequently stopped at Istanbul, Sabiha Gökçen, Antalya and other Turkish airports when they: In practice, a typical case unfolds as follows: At this point, most foreigners are frightened, confused and worried about both losing their property and facing criminal charges in a foreign […]
1. Legal Framework: Citizenship by Investment Through Real Estate in Turkey Turkish citizenship by investment through property acquisition is mainly governed by: Under the current rules (subject to changes by the Presidency and the Ministry): Within this regime, the State aims to attract genuine, long-term foreign capital rather than short-term speculative or “paper” transactions. That […]
Introduction: When Systems “Decide” on Their Own Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly capable of making complex decisions without real-time human control. Self-driving cars navigate traffic, medical algorithms recommend treatments, trading systems move billions in financial markets, and autonomous drones adjust their flight paths midair. As AI autonomy expands, a fundamental philosophical and legal […]
1. Introduction: Why Double Tax Treaties Matter in Turkey Foreign investors who allocate capital to Turkey – by acquiring shares in Turkish companies, granting loans, licensing trademarks or software, or providing cross-border services – inevitably face one big concern: Will the same income be taxed both in Turkey and in my home country? This risk, […]
Introduction: Can You Punish a Machine? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly influence real-world outcomes, legal scholars have begun to ask a difficult question: if an AI system causes serious harm, can – or should – we “punish” the AI itself? At first glance, the idea sounds intuitive. If the system “acted” wrongly, perhaps it […]