1. Legal Basis: Which Laws Govern Foreign Employees in Turkey? When a foreign employee works in Turkey under a valid employment contract, the relationship is usually governed by: A foreign employee with a work permit is generally treated like a Turkish employee in terms of: Therefore, as a default rule, the same termination rules apply […]
Machine Intent: Fiction or Legal Necessity? Introduction: Do We Need “Machine Intent” to Make Sense of AI? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems take more autonomous decisions, a controversial idea has emerged in legal scholarship: “machine intent”. Some argue that we should treat AI systems as if they have a kind of intent or mental state, […]
1. Introduction: Why the Family Residence Permit Matters For many foreigners who decide to live, work or invest in Turkey, the first priority is not only their own residence status, but also how to bring their family legally and safely. Under Turkish law, this is primarily regulated through the “family residence permit” (aile ikamet izni). […]
1. Introduction: Why Foreigners Need a Clear Succession Plan in Turkey Over the last decade, Turkey has become a preferred destination for foreign buyers: apartments in Istanbul, seafront villas in Antalya, investment flats in urban transformation projects, or commercial properties rented to Turkish companies. Once a foreigner acquires property in Turkey, the next key legal […]
Should AI Systems Be Treated as Legal Persons in Criminal Law? Introduction: From Tools to “Legal Persons”? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more autonomous and influential, legal scholars and policymakers are asking a provocative question: should AI systems be treated as legal persons in criminal law? The idea is not entirely new. Legal systems […]
Re-Defining “Human Conduct” in Criminal Law for AI-Driven Systems Introduction: When Actions Are Mediated by Machines Criminal law has traditionally centered on human conduct: a physical act or omission that can be attributed to a person who can be blamed, punished, and deterred. This is usually captured in the concept of actus reus, the external […]
Istanbul has become one of the most popular cities in the world for foreign residents, digital nomads, investors and international employees. Whether you are staying for a year or planning a long-term life in the city, signing a clear and lawful residential lease agreement is crucial for protecting both your money and your living comfort. […]
Mens Rea in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Introduction: Can “Guilty Mind” Survive in a World of Algorithms? Mens rea — the “guilty mind” — is one of the pillars of criminal law. Liability is not imposed merely because harm occurred, but because the defendant’s mental state at the time of the act justifies blame […]
1. Why a Shareholders Agreement with a Foreign Partner in Turkey Is Essential When a foreign investor participates in a Turkish company—whether as a minority shareholder or controlling partner—the relationship between the parties is rarely governed only by the Articles of Association and the Turkish Commercial Code. In practice, a shareholders agreement with a foreign […]