Unfair competition disputes in Turkey have become increasingly common with the growth of e-commerce, franchising and cross-border trade. For both local and foreign companies, understanding the expected duration, cost structure and litigation risks in Turkish courts is essential for making a realistic enforcement strategy. Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) No. 6102, Articles 54–63 regulate […]
Traffic accidents are unfortunately common in Turkey, especially in large cities and on intercity highways. For foreigners (tourists, expatriates, drivers of foreign-plated vehicles or rental cars), it is important to understand not only what to do at the scene, but also how the insurance, compensation and criminal procedures work under Turkish law. 1. Legal Framework […]
Turkey is one of the fastest-growing e-commerce markets in its region, with large online marketplaces playing a central role in connecting consumers and sellers. For foreign sellers entering this market, online platforms offer huge commercial opportunities but also serious risks of unfair competition – from copycat stores to manipulated rankings and misleading advertising. Under Turkish […]
Foreign arbitral awards are an integral part of international commerce, and Turkey has developed a relatively clear and arbitration-friendly framework for their recognition and enforcement. That framework is built on a combination of international conventions and domestic legislation, primarily the 1958 New York Convention and Law No. 5718 on Private International and Procedural Law (“PILPL”). […]
Social media has become a key marketing tool in Turkey, especially for sectors such as fashion, cosmetics, technology and hospitality. Influencer collaborations, sponsored posts and viral campaigns allow brands to reach Turkish consumers quickly and relatively cheaply. However, this dynamic environment also creates significant legal risks in terms of unfair competition, misleading advertising and trademark […]
Dumping-like “excessive discount” campaigns are increasingly common in the Turkish market, especially in e-commerce, holiday sales and aggressive promotional periods such as “11.11” or “Black Friday”. For foreign companies operating in or targeting Türkiye, it is crucial to understand when such campaigns may cross the line from legitimate competition into unfair competition under the Turkish […]
In Turkey, a vekaletname (power of attorney – “PoA”) is a very practical tool for foreigners who need legal acts to be carried out on their behalf without being physically present. It is widely used in real estate purchases, court proceedings, company formation, banking, and many other transactions. However, because a PoA gives very strong […]
The European Patent System and the U.S. Patent System: A Comparative Review Europe In Europe, the single body that grants a “European patent” is the European Patent Office (EPO), and the backbone of the system is the European Patent Convention (EPC). The EPO acts as a centralized granting authority; once a European patent is granted, […]
The Future of Patent Law: Innovation, Policy, and AI-Generated Inventions Patent law is entering one of the most transformative phases in its history. From the industrial revolution to the digital age, every technological shift has forced a legal recalibration. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) represents the next frontier — challenging how the world defines invention, ownership, […]
Patent License Agreements: Structuring Win-Win Deals Patent license agreements are contracts that allow a patent owner (the licensor) to authorize another party (the licensee) to use a patented invention under defined conditions in exchange for economic value. For commercial companies, licensing functions as a tool to scale technology into markets quickly, share costs, generate revenue, […]