Introduction Türkiye is home to a diverse hospitality market that includes international hotel brands, independently operated hotels, holiday villages, boutique hotels, thermal facilities, golf resorts, tourism complexes, serviced apartments and mixed-use developments. A single hotel investment may involve several legally separate relationships. The real estate may be owned by one company, financed by another institution, […]
Introduction Franchising enables a business to expand through independently operated outlets while preserving a common commercial identity. The franchisee generally receives the right to use the franchisor’s trademark, business model, operational know-how, visual identity and commercial systems. In return, the franchisee commonly pays an initial franchise fee, continuing royalties and contributions to marketing or technology […]
Introduction Distribution and commercial agency agreements play a central role in the entry of foreign products and services into the Turkish market. International manufacturers frequently appoint Turkish distributors, commercial agents, dealers or sales representatives to establish a customer network, promote products, obtain orders and provide local market support. These commercial relationships may continue for many […]
Introduction Intellectual property rights are central to the commercial value of modern businesses. Trademarks protect brand identity and consumer recognition, while patents protect technological inventions and provide their owners with exclusive commercial rights for a limited period. Licensing agreements enable companies to commercialise these rights without transferring full ownership. Disputes may arise when a licensee […]
Introduction Digital transformation projects have become essential to businesses operating in Türkiye. Companies increasingly depend on enterprise software, cloud platforms, mobile applications, artificial intelligence systems, payment infrastructure, cybersecurity services, data analytics and outsourced information technology operations. These projects often involve significant investment and operational risk. A delayed enterprise resource planning implementation may interrupt manufacturing and […]
Introduction Türkiye’s strategic position between the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, the Aegean Sea and major international trade routes makes maritime transport an important part of commercial activity connected with the country. Shipowners, charterers, cargo interests, freight forwarders, insurers, commodity traders, ship managers, port operators and financial institutions may become involved in disputes concerning vessels, cargo, […]
Introduction Insurance disputes may involve much more than a disagreement over the amount of compensation. The parties may dispute whether the insured event occurred, whether the loss falls within the policy period, whether an exclusion applies, whether the insured complied with disclosure and notification obligations, or whether the insurer may pursue a third party after […]
Introduction Banking and finance transactions frequently involve substantial amounts, multiple contractual documents, sophisticated security packages and parties established in different jurisdictions. A single financing structure may include a facility agreement, guarantees, mortgages, share pledges, account pledges, assignments of receivables, intercreditor arrangements, hedging agreements and sponsor-support undertakings. When a dispute arises, the parties may disagree not […]
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions are among the most complex commercial transactions conducted in Türkiye. A typical acquisition may involve a share purchase agreement, disclosure letter, shareholders’ agreement, escrow arrangement, transitional services agreement, financing documents, management contracts and regulatory filings. Even where the parties complete extensive legal, financial and tax due diligence, disputes may arise before […]
Introduction Türkiye occupies a commercially significant position between Europe, Asia, the Middle East, the Caucasus and the Mediterranean. International companies operating in construction, energy, manufacturing, technology, transportation, logistics, finance, tourism, international trade and corporate investment frequently enter into contracts connected with Türkiye. When drafting these contracts, one of the most important questions is how future […]