Should AI Systems Be Treated as Legal Persons in Criminal Law? Introduction: From Tools to “Legal Persons”? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more autonomous and influential, legal scholars and policymakers are asking a provocative question: should AI systems be treated as legal persons in criminal law? The idea is not entirely new. Legal systems […]
Can AI Ever Be a Criminal Actor? Introduction: From Tool to “Actor”? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more autonomous, a pressing question arises in criminal law theory: can AI ever be considered a true criminal actor? Self-learning algorithms, autonomous vehicles, robotic surgeons, and decision-making systems in finance and defense increasingly act with minimal human […]