1. Legal Framework: Why the Trade Registry Matters 1.1. Principle of registration and publicity Under the Turkish Commercial Code, certain facts concerning commercial enterprises and companies must be registered and published. The Trade Registry is a public database kept under the supervision of the Ministry of Trade and operated by regional trade registry offices. It […]
1. Introduction: Why Foreigners Need a Clear Succession Plan in Turkey Over the last decade, Turkey has become a preferred destination for foreign buyers: apartments in Istanbul, seafront villas in Antalya, investment flats in urban transformation projects, or commercial properties rented to Turkish companies. Once a foreigner acquires property in Turkey, the next key legal […]
1. Why a Shareholders Agreement with a Foreign Partner in Turkey Is Essential When a foreign investor participates in a Turkish company—whether as a minority shareholder or controlling partner—the relationship between the parties is rarely governed only by the Articles of Association and the Turkish Commercial Code. In practice, a shareholders agreement with a foreign […]
1. Introduction Working as the exclusive or non-exclusive distributor of a foreign brand in Turkey can be extremely lucrative. International manufacturers want reliable local partners who understand Turkish customers, regulatory requirements and market dynamics. Turkish distributors, on the other hand, want long-term contracts that justify their investment in marketing, staff, stock and after-sales services. However, […]
Double taxation is not just a theoretical concern in textbooks; it is a real economic risk that can significantly reduce the net return of foreign investments. It arises because different countries exercise their taxing powers based on residence and source, sometimes simultaneously, and because domestic rules are not automatically aligned.
Handled correctly, Turkish tax law does not have to be a trap – it can be a competitive advantage that increases your net return instead of eroding it.
1. Concept and Legal Nature of International Arbitration 1.1 What is arbitration? Arbitration is a private dispute resolution mechanism in which parties agree to submit current or future disputes to one or more independent arbitrators instead of state courts. The arbitrators examine the facts and the law, conduct hearings and ultimately render a binding decision […]
1. Introduction: Cross-Border E-Commerce and the Turkish Market Turkey has become a strategic market for cross-border e-commerce. A large, young population, widespread use of smartphones and a culture that is very active on social media platforms make Turkey an attractive destination for foreign brands that want to sell online without opening physical shops in the […]
1. Legal Framework Applicable to Foreign-Flag Vessels 1.1 Key pieces of Turkish legislation Foreign-flag vessels trading to Turkey must be analysed primarily against four domestic pillars: These rules apply regardless of the flag or chosen contract law. Even where the bill of lading is subject to English law and London arbitration, mandatory Turkish provisions can […]