Introduction: When Systems “Decide” on Their Own Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly capable of making complex decisions without real-time human control. Self-driving cars navigate traffic, medical algorithms recommend treatments, trading systems move billions in financial markets, and autonomous drones adjust their flight paths midair. As AI autonomy expands, a fundamental philosophical and legal […]
Can AI Ever Be a Criminal Actor? Introduction: From Tool to “Actor”? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more autonomous, a pressing question arises in criminal law theory: can AI ever be considered a true criminal actor? Self-learning algorithms, autonomous vehicles, robotic surgeons, and decision-making systems in finance and defense increasingly act with minimal human […]
The Future of Criminal Liability in Autonomous AI Systems Introduction: When Machines “Act”, Who Is to Blame? Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly making decisions that have serious real-world consequences: self-driving cars, medical diagnosis tools, trading algorithms, autonomous drones, and even semi-autonomous weapons. As these systems gain more autonomy, one fundamental question becomes unavoidable: […]