Introduction International trade plays a vital role in economic growth and globalization, requiring seamless processes to move goods across borders efficiently. In Turkey, customs regulations are essential for ensuring that imports and exports comply with both national laws and international trade agreements. This article examines the legal framework governing customs operations in Turkey, explores compliance […]
Introduction A letter of credit (LoC) is a widely used financial instrument in international trade that ensures payment to the seller, provided specific conditions outlined in the agreement are fulfilled. In Turkey, the operation of letters of credit is governed by Turkish Banking Law and international banking practices, particularly those outlined by the International Chamber […]
Introduction Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) play a vital role in facilitating regional economic integration by reducing or eliminating trade barriers between member countries. However, these regional agreements must align with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules to avoid disrupting the global trading system. This article explores the legal structure of FTAs, the challenges of ensuring WTO […]
Introduction In the modern global economy, intellectual property rights (IPR) are vital for fostering innovation, economic growth, and maintaining a competitive advantage. Patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets enable companies to protect their innovations across borders, yet the enforcement of these rights often leads to complex legal and diplomatic challenges in international trade. This article […]