In Turkey, a vekaletname (power of attorney – “PoA”) is a very practical tool for foreigners who need legal acts to be carried out on their behalf without being physically present. It is widely used in real estate purchases, court proceedings, company formation, banking, and many other transactions. However, because a PoA gives very strong […]
Technoparks, R&D and Other State Incentives in Turkey: Real Value and Risks for Investors For many foreign investors, Turkey’s Teknopark, R&D and other state incentives look like a free boost to valuation: tax breaks, grants and social security discounts that extend runway and improve margins. But from an investor’s perspective, the right question is not […]
Return-to-Office Mandates and Remote Work under Turkish LawAcquired “home office” practice, essential change, equality and CBAs 1. Global context: the RTO wave is real, but not absolute Internationally, especially in the US, many large employers are clearly moving away from fully-remote arrangements: At the same time, statistics show that hybrid work has become the dominant […]
Convertible Instruments in Turkish Law: How Are SAFEs and Convertible Loans Characterised? For foreign investors looking at Turkish start-ups, a recurring question is how “convertible instruments in Turkish law: how are SAFEs and convertible loans characterised?” In other words, when you sign a SAFE-style document or a convertible loan agreement with a Turkish company, are […]
Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements For a foreign VC investing in a Turkish company, “Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements” is not just a theoretical heading – it is the toolbox that determines how much real control and protection the investor has […]
Deadlock (Kilitlenme) Mechanisms: Shoot-out, Russian Roulette, Mediation & Arbitration Solutions in Turkish Joint Ventures For foreign investors entering 50–50 partnerships in Türkiye, deadlock (kilitlenme) mechanisms: shoot-out, Russian roulette, mediation & arbitration çözümleri are essential tools to prevent a promising joint venture from becoming permanently paralysed. In a typical Turkish structure, two shareholders each hold 50% […]
Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)? For foreign VCs investing in Turkish companies, the real negotiation is often about “Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)?” In practice, the question is: how can founders keep enough […]
When we talk about “Investing in Crypto & Web3 Startups Under the Shadow of Regulation”, we are really asking one core question: how can foreign investors back Turkish crypto and Web3 ventures without being blindsided by regulation? Turkey is a large, crypto-savvy market with millions of retail users, but it is also moving rapidly towards […]
IP Due Diligence: Who Really Owns the Start-up’s Intellectual Property? For any foreign investor looking at a Turkish tech or innovation company, one of the first questions in an IP review should be: “IP due diligence: who really owns the start-up’s intellectual property?” The start-up’s core value is usually its software, algorithms, brand, designs and […]