Introduction Bank liability in Turkey for unauthorized transactions and online banking fraud has become one of the most important legal issues in modern banking litigation. As customers increasingly use mobile banking, internet banking, credit cards, virtual POS systems, QR payments, digital wallets and instant money transfers, financial fraud methods have also become more sophisticated. Phishing […]
Introduction Banking confidentiality in Turkey is one of the core principles of Turkish banking law. Banks hold highly sensitive information about individuals, companies, investors, borrowers, depositors and financial institutions. Account balances, loan records, payment transactions, credit limits, debt history, foreign transfers, investment activity, collateral information, customer identity details and even the fact that a person […]
Introduction Foreign currency loans in Turkey are a critical issue for companies, banks, foreign lenders, investors, project sponsors and corporate borrowers. Turkey has a highly active credit market, and many Turkish companies seek financing in currencies such as USD, EUR and GBP because foreign currency borrowing may offer longer maturities, international lender access, export finance […]
Introduction Cross-border lending in Turkey is a key financing method for Turkish companies, banks, infrastructure projects, energy investments, real estate developments, acquisition finance transactions, trade finance structures and multinational corporate groups. Foreign banks, international lenders, development finance institutions, export credit agencies, private credit funds and shareholder lenders frequently provide financing to Turkish borrowers through bilateral […]
Introduction Collateral and security interests play a central role in Turkish finance law. In almost every significant credit transaction, lenders seek legal protection beyond the borrower’s personal promise to repay. This protection may take the form of a mortgage over real estate, a pledge over movable assets, a share pledge, a bank account pledge, an […]
Introduction Factoring and receivables financing in Turkey are important financial tools used by companies that need liquidity before the maturity of their trade receivables. In commercial life, businesses often sell goods or provide services on deferred payment terms. Although the company has issued invoices and generated receivables, it may need immediate cash to pay suppliers, […]
Introduction Financial leasing is one of the most important financing methods used by companies, investors, manufacturers, logistics businesses, construction companies, healthcare operators, aviation companies, real estate users and industrial enterprises in Turkey. Instead of purchasing an asset directly with equity or a conventional loan, a business may obtain the right to use an asset through […]
Introduction Bank guarantees in Turkey are among the most important security instruments used in commercial transactions, construction contracts, public tenders, lease agreements, project finance, international trade, distribution agreements, supply contracts and infrastructure projects. A Turkish bank guarantee, commonly known as a letter of guarantee or banka teminat mektubu, allows a beneficiary to secure payment or […]
Introduction Syndicated loans in Turkey are an important financing tool for banks, large corporate groups, infrastructure projects, energy companies, export businesses, acquisition finance transactions and refinancing structures. A syndicated loan allows multiple lenders to provide financing to a borrower under a common facility agreement. Instead of one bank bearing the entire credit exposure, the risk […]
Introduction Project finance in Turkey is a major legal and financial mechanism used for infrastructure, energy, transportation, healthcare, ports, airports, industrial facilities, mining, logistics, renewable energy and public-private partnership projects. Unlike ordinary corporate lending, project finance is primarily based on the cash flow, assets, permits, contracts and risk profile of a specific project rather than […]