Foreign arbitral awards are an integral part of international commerce, and Turkey has developed a relatively clear and arbitration-friendly framework for their recognition and enforcement. That framework is built on a combination of international conventions and domestic legislation, primarily the 1958 New York Convention and Law No. 5718 on Private International and Procedural Law (“PILPL”). […]
Dumping-like “excessive discount” campaigns are increasingly common in the Turkish market, especially in e-commerce, holiday sales and aggressive promotional periods such as “11.11” or “Black Friday”. For foreign companies operating in or targeting Türkiye, it is crucial to understand when such campaigns may cross the line from legitimate competition into unfair competition under the Turkish […]
When we talk about “Investing in Crypto & Web3 Startups Under the Shadow of Regulation”, we are really asking one core question: how can foreign investors back Turkish crypto and Web3 ventures without being blindsided by regulation? Turkey is a large, crypto-savvy market with millions of retail users, but it is also moving rapidly towards […]
How Protected Is a VC Really in a Turkish Startup Bankruptcy or Concordato? When foreign investors look at the Turkish ecosystem, the question “how protected is a VC really in a Turkish startup bankruptcy or concordato?” is usually left to the last slide of the deck – until something goes wrong. Turkish law has its […]
Inheritance in Turkey when a foreigner owning real estate or a company dies often raises complex questions about which country’s law applies, which court is competent and how heirs can actually transfer or liquidate assets in Turkey. For families living abroad, the combination of Turkish succession rules, private international law and corporate rules can be […]
1. Introduction: Why Divorce Matters for Citizenship Acquired Through Marriage Turkish law allows a foreign spouse to acquire Turkish citizenship through marriage with a Turkish citizen, provided that certain material and procedural conditions are satisfied. In practice, this is one of the most commonly used naturalization routes for foreigners who build their family and social […]
1. Legal Framework: How Turkish Citizenship Is Regulated Turkish citizenship is not a purely political term; it is a legal status that defines the relationship between an individual and the Republic of Türkiye. The basic rules about who is considered a Turkish citizen, how citizenship is acquired, and under what conditions it can be lost […]
1. Introduction “What are the requirements for acquiring Turkish citizenship?” is one of the most frequent questions asked by foreigners who live, work, invest or marry in Türkiye. Turkish nationality law is mainly regulated by Turkish Citizenship Law No. 5901 and its implementing Regulation, supported by the Law on Foreigners and International Protection No. 6458 […]
Trademark Opposition for Likelihood of Confusion in Türkiye: How to Resolve It Lawfully One of the most frequent disputes in trademark registration is an opposition based on likelihood of confusion—that is, a prior trademark owner objects to your application on the ground that consumers may believe your mark and goods/services originate from the same undertaking. […]
Contract Management and Disputes (Sale, Service, Supply): A Practical Guide for Foreign Parties in Turkey Foreign businesses trading with Turkish counterparties often find that contract management and disputes in sale, service, and supply relationships turn on a handful of recurring pressure points: INCOTERMS mismatches, price adjustment (FX indexation), delivery and defect liability (including latent defects), […]