M&A in Turkey: Legal Due Diligence Tips for Foreign Buyers Turkey has become a key market for cross-border mergers and acquisitions, especially for strategic investors and private equity funds looking for growth and regional expansion. A young population, dynamic domestic demand and a strategic location between Europe, Asia and the Middle East make Turkish targets […]
When a foreign creditor starts enforcement proceedings in Turkey and the Turkish debtor objects to the payment order, the enforcement automatically stops. At that point, the foreign creditor has two main legal remedies under Turkish Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law: Both remedies are subject to strict time limits and different evidentiary rules, so choosing correctly is […]
Foreign creditors who have outstanding receivables from debtors in Turkey can use the Turkish enforcement and bankruptcy system to collect their claims. The fact that the creditor is not resident in Turkey, or is a foreign company or individual, does not prevent them from starting enforcement proceedings, as long as certain procedural and jurisdictional requirements […]
When a foreign debtor receives a payment order (ödeme emri) from a Turkish enforcement office, the rules on objection are essentially the same as for Turkish nationals. The critical points are time limits, form, and the distinction between objection to the debt and objection to the signature. 1. Service of the Payment Order and Time […]
In Turkey, a vekaletname (power of attorney – “PoA”) is a very practical tool for foreigners who need legal acts to be carried out on their behalf without being physically present. It is widely used in real estate purchases, court proceedings, company formation, banking, and many other transactions. However, because a PoA gives very strong […]
Deadlock (Kilitlenme) Mechanisms: Shoot-out, Russian Roulette, Mediation & Arbitration Solutions in Turkish Joint Ventures For foreign investors entering 50–50 partnerships in Türkiye, deadlock (kilitlenme) mechanisms: shoot-out, Russian roulette, mediation & arbitration çözümleri are essential tools to prevent a promising joint venture from becoming permanently paralysed. In a typical Turkish structure, two shareholders each hold 50% […]
Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)? For foreign VCs investing in Turkish companies, the real negotiation is often about “Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)?” In practice, the question is: how can founders keep enough […]
When an international investor asks “How are liquidation preference, anti-dilution and vesting mechanisms structured under Turkish law?”, the real concern is whether the familiar VC protections from common-law jurisdictions can be safely replicated under Turkish corporate law. The short answer is: they usually can – but only if the deal is carefully engineered through a […]
Inheritance in Turkey when a foreigner owning real estate or a company dies often raises complex questions about which country’s law applies, which court is competent and how heirs can actually transfer or liquidate assets in Turkey. For families living abroad, the combination of Turkish succession rules, private international law and corporate rules can be […]