In Turkey, once a criminal investigation targets a company or its executives, it is not only personal liberty that is at stake. The criminal justice system (under the Turkish Penal Code – TCK – and the Criminal Procedure Code – CMK) allows prosecutors and judges to freeze bank accounts, seize immovable properties, and even take […]
Introduction The Turkish Criminal Law (Türk Ceza Hukuku) is primarily codified in the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 (Türk Ceza Kanunu – TCK), which came into force in 2005. Its General Provisions (Genel Hükümler) set out the core rules that apply to all crimes and punishments. These provisions are the backbone of the criminal justice […]
The collapse of a building or the use of unauthorized materials during construction can result in devastating human and economic consequences. These failures often expose not only contractors and engineers but also real estate company managers to civil and criminal liability. In Turkey, as in many other jurisdictions, real estate company managers are no longer […]