The physical landscape of the world’s oceans is undergoing a radical, man-made transformation. Driven by accelerating technological capabilities, offshore economic ambitions, and strategic geopolitical posturing, sovereign states and private conglomerates are increasingly looking to the sea as a space for physical expansion. What once belonged to the realm of science fiction has become a pressing […]
The deep ocean floor, thousands of meters below the surface, holds one of the world’s largest untouched reserves of critical minerals. Vast plains of polymetallic nodules—potato-sized mineral accretions rich in cobalt, nickel, manganese, and copper—lie scattered across the abyssal zones. As the global transition toward renewable energy and electronic technology accelerates, the demand for these […]