The structural morphology of contemporary criminal justice administration has long been defined by an unyielding punitive paradigm. For decades, the dominant jurisprudential strategy for curbing the illicit distribution and consumption of controlled substances relied on aggressive carceral insulation. Enforced via mandatory minimum sentences, habitual offender statutes, and absolute penal sanctions, this traditional system processed chemical […]
Introduction Modern criminal justice systems increasingly adopt alternative sanctions to reduce prison populations and promote rehabilitation. Probation is one of the most important mechanisms in this regard, particularly for non-violent offenses such as drug use. In Turkey, probation is widely applied in drug-related offenses involving personal use. Instead of imprisonment, individuals are monitored and directed […]
Introduction Mining operations, due to their direct environmental impact, are subject to intense regulatory scrutiny. In Türkiye, companies wishing to operate in the mining sector cannot rely solely on obtaining a mining license. They must also comply with a wide range of environmental regulations, such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports, environmental permits and licenses, and site rehabilitation […]