Introduction The Grand National Assembly of Türkiye is one of the central institutions of Turkish constitutional law. It represents the legislative branch, exercises law-making authority, adopts the national budget, approves international treaties, participates in constitutional amendment procedures, performs parliamentary oversight and carries out other duties assigned by the Constitution. In a constitutional democracy, Parliament is […]
Introduction Judicial independence and impartiality are among the most important foundations of the Turkish constitutional system. They ensure that courts decide cases according to law, evidence and constitutional principles rather than political pressure, administrative influence, public opinion or private interests. Without independent and impartial courts, constitutional rights cannot be effectively protected, the rule of law […]
Introduction The principle of proportionality is one of the most important standards in Turkish constitutional law. It determines whether a restriction on a fundamental right is constitutionally justified and whether public authorities have maintained a fair balance between public interest and individual freedom. In the Turkish legal system, proportionality is not merely a theoretical doctrine. […]
Introduction Human dignity is one of the deepest foundations of modern constitutional law. Although the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye does not frame every right under a single “human dignity” clause, the concept of dignity is strongly embedded in the constitutional protection of life, bodily and spiritual integrity, equality, freedom, fair trial, privacy, property […]
Introduction Constitutional supremacy is one of the most important principles of the Turkish legal system. It means that the Constitution is the highest legal norm and that all public authorities, legal rules and official acts must comply with it. In Türkiye, constitutional supremacy is not a theoretical concept. It is a binding legal rule that […]
Introduction Constitutional law is highly relevant for foreigners and investors in Türkiye. Foreign nationals, foreign companies, international investors, shareholders, entrepreneurs and expatriates may encounter Turkish constitutional principles in many practical areas: property ownership, company establishment, administrative permits, deportation decisions, tax measures, investment incentives, public procurement, work permits, judicial proceedings, enforcement of judgments and access to […]
Introduction Emergency powers are among the most sensitive areas of constitutional law in Türkiye. Every constitutional democracy must be able to respond to war, rebellion, widespread violence, public disorder, natural disasters, epidemics and serious economic crises. At the same time, emergency powers may create serious risks for fundamental rights, separation of powers, judicial review and […]
Introduction Political parties occupy a central position in Turkish constitutional law. They are not ordinary private organizations, nor are they public authorities in the strict sense. They are constitutional institutions that connect citizens with democratic politics, elections, parliamentary representation and public decision-making. For this reason, the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye gives political parties […]
Introduction Administrative acts play a central role in the Turkish legal system. Public authorities regulate daily life through decisions, permits, sanctions, appointments, licenses, zoning plans, tax assessments, disciplinary measures, public procurement decisions, immigration orders and many other administrative acts. These acts may directly affect individuals, companies, investors, public officials, foreign nationals and civil society organizations. […]
Introduction The principle of secularism is one of the fundamental pillars of Turkish constitutional law. It defines the relationship between the State, religion, public authority and individual freedom of belief. In the Turkish constitutional system, secularism is not merely a political slogan or historical reference. It is a binding constitutional principle that shapes legislation, public […]