Introduction Banking compliance in Turkey is a central pillar of the Turkish financial system. Banks do not operate as ordinary commercial companies. They collect deposits, extend credit, process payments, manage customer data, participate in financial markets, offer digital banking services, issue guarantees, hold sensitive financial information and create systemic risk. For this reason, Turkish banking […]
Introduction Merchant acquiring in Turkey is a central component of the digital payments ecosystem. Every time a customer pays a merchant by card through a physical POS terminal, virtual POS infrastructure, mobile POS solution, online checkout page, QR payment interface or marketplace payment flow, there is usually an acquiring relationship behind the transaction. The acquiring […]
Introduction Payment fraud in Turkey has become a major legal issue for consumers, merchants, banks, payment institutions, electronic money institutions, e-commerce platforms and fintech companies. As payment systems become faster, more digital and more integrated into daily life, fraudsters increasingly exploit weaknesses in online banking, card payments, virtual POS systems, QR payments, digital wallets, money […]
Introduction Banking-as-a-Service, commonly known as BaaS, is one of the most important legal and commercial developments in Turkey’s financial technology sector. In a BaaS model, a licensed bank provides banking services through the digital interface of another business, usually a fintech platform, marketplace, e-commerce company, mobility application, telecom operator or digital ecosystem provider. The customer […]
Introduction Open banking in Turkey is one of the most important legal and technological developments transforming the Turkish financial sector. Traditional banking was historically based on a closed model: banks collected and stored customer data, and customers accessed financial services mainly through the bank’s own branches, internet banking platforms, mobile applications and call centers. Open […]
Introduction Banking fraud in Turkey is one of the most serious legal risks faced by individuals, companies, banks, payment institutions, merchants, investors and financial intermediaries. As banking services move rapidly into digital channels, fraud schemes have become more complex, faster and more difficult to detect. Fraudsters may use phishing links, fake bank websites, SIM swap […]
Introduction Turkish banking litigation covers a wide range of disputes between banks, financial institutions, borrowers, consumers, companies, guarantors, investors, payment service users and third parties. As banking services become more digital, complex and cross-border, disputes involving banks are no longer limited to unpaid loans or ordinary account disagreements. Today, Turkish banking litigation may involve unauthorized […]
Introduction Bank loan defaults in Turkey are among the most significant legal risks faced by companies, individual borrowers, guarantors, shareholders, investors and lenders. A bank loan default may begin with a missed installment, breach of a financial covenant, failure to provide collateral, deterioration of the borrower’s financial position, non-payment of interest, insolvency risk, or violation […]
Introduction Mortgage-backed finance in Turkey is one of the most important secured lending structures used by banks, financial institutions, real estate investors, companies, developers, foreign investors and individual borrowers. A mortgage allows a lender to secure a loan with immovable property, such as land, residential property, commercial premises, hotels, factories, warehouses, development projects or other […]
Introduction Corporate borrowing in Turkey is a central part of business finance. Turkish companies frequently obtain bank loans to finance working capital, inventory, exports, machinery, real estate investments, construction projects, mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, project development and general corporate needs. Bank loans may be short-term, medium-term or long-term; secured or unsecured; Turkish lira-denominated or foreign […]