What Is Digital Fraud?
In recent years, fraud methods have shifted into the digital world. Applications like WhatsApp, Telegram, and Instagram are now frequently used by scammers. This article will explain the most common methods, legal aspects, and your rights.
What Are the Most Common Fraud Methods?
Via WhatsApp:
- Fraudsters impersonate your relatives or friends by saying “My number changed” and ask for money.
- Fake messages claiming to be from banks or cargo companies include links to steal your account information.
Via Telegram:
- In investment or crypto groups, scammers promise high returns and ask for money.
- Fake celebrity accounts are used to promote false giveaways and extract money.
Via Instagram:
- Fake shopping accounts sell products but cut communication after receiving payment.
- “You’ve won a gift” messages are used to collect your personal information.
Are These Acts Legally Criminal?
Yes. Under the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) and related laws, these acts are crimes. Especially:
- TPC Art. 157 – Simple fraud
- TPC Art. 158 – Qualified fraud via information systems (4 to 10 years imprisonment)
- TPC Arts. 243–245 – Unauthorized access to and misuse of IT systems
- KVKK – Violating the Personal Data Protection Law
If fraud is committed through information systems, the penalties are more severe.
What Should You Do If You’re Defrauded?
- Collect All Evidence:
Save all messages, payment receipts, and screenshots.
- File a Criminal Complaint:
Go to the Public Prosecutor’s Office and file a complaint for qualified fraud.
- Inform Your Bank:
If you transferred money, request cancellation or a freeze immediately.
- Report to the Platform:
Report the fraudulent account on WhatsApp, Telegram, or Instagram.
- Apply to the KVKK (Personal Data Protection Authority):
If your personal data was used without your consent, you can file a complaint with KVKK.
How Can You Protect Yourself?
- Be cautious about messages from unknown people.
- Always verify “My number changed” messages with a phone call.
- Before paying on social media, research the seller’s reliability.
- Activate two-factor authentication (2FA) on your accounts.
- Never share personal data easily.
Conclusion
Fraud committed via WhatsApp, Telegram, and Instagram can cause serious harm. But by staying alert and using your legal rights, you can protect yourself against these threats. Remember, fraud is not only a crime—it is a preventable risk.
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