Introduction
Turkey has become one of the most attractive destinations for both domestic and international investors. Thanks to its strategic location between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, Turkey offers unique opportunities in the fields of finance, real estate, technology, and trade. Establishing an investment company in Turkey not only opens the doors to a dynamic and growing economy, but also provides access to international markets.
In this article, we will explain in detail the types of investment companies in Turkey, the legal framework, the establishment procedures, and the advantages offered to investors.
Why Establish an Investment Company in Turkey?
- Strategic Geopolitical Position: Turkey acts as a bridge between East and West.
- Growing Economy: Despite global fluctuations, Turkey maintains sustainable growth rates.
- Young and Dynamic Population: The majority of the population is under 35, creating strong labor and consumption markets.
- Incentives for Foreign Investors: The Turkish government offers tax reductions, investment incentives, and free zones.
- EU Customs Union: Companies established in Turkey benefit from free trade advantages with the EU market.
Types of Investment Companies in Turkey
- Limited Liability Company (Ltd. Şti.)
- Most common structure.
- Minimum capital: 10,000 TL.
- Flexible for small and medium-sized investors.
- Joint-Stock Company (A.Ş.)
- Suitable for larger investments.
- Minimum capital: 50,000 TL.
- Allows public offering and participation in the stock exchange.
- Portfolio Management and Investment Companies
- Licensed by the Capital Markets Board (SPK).
- Manage investment funds, venture capital, and securities.
- Real Estate Investment Companies
- Attract foreign investors seeking Turkish citizenship through property investment.
- Must comply with Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) regulations.
- Fintech and Financial Technology Companies
- Rising sector in digital payments, electronic money, and blockchain.
- Licensed by the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BDDK).
Legal Requirements for Establishing an Investment Company
- Trade Registry: Registration through the Central Registry System (MERSİS).
- Articles of Association: Must be prepared according to Turkish Commercial Code (TCC).
- Minimum Capital Requirement: Varies depending on company type.
- Tax Registration: Mandatory with the Turkish Tax Authority.
- Business Licenses: Depending on the field of activity (SPK, BDDK, Ministry approvals).
Step-by-Step Company Formation Process
- Preparation of Articles of Association
- Drafted by a lawyer according to investor’s business model.
- Opening a Bank Account and Depositing Capital
- At least 25% of the capital must be deposited before registration.
- Application to the Trade Registry
- Necessary documents: shareholder details, notarized signatures, and company address proof.
- Tax Office and Social Security Registration
- Required for both local and foreign-owned companies.
- Obtaining Licenses and Permits
- For regulated sectors such as finance, insurance, and portfolio management, additional licenses must be obtained.
Incentives for Investors in Turkey
- Tax Reductions and Exemptions
- Customs Duty Exemption
- Employment Incentives
- VAT Exemptions for Certain Investments
- Free Zones Offering 100% Tax-Free Profits
These incentives significantly reduce costs for both domestic and international investors.
Challenges and Risks to Consider
While Turkey offers many opportunities, investors should also be aware of:
- Currency Fluctuations
- Bureaucratic Procedures
- Legal Compliance Requirements
- Political and Economic Dynamics
With professional legal consultancy, these risks can be minimized and managed effectively.
Conclusion
Establishing an investment company in Turkey provides access to a dynamic economy, a strategic location, and a young workforce. Whether you are considering real estate investment, fintech, or capital markets, Turkey offers strong opportunities for growth.
However, compliance with the Turkish Commercial Code, obtaining the necessary licenses, and following the legal procedures are essential for a sustainable investment. With professional guidance, investors can benefit from government incentives, tax advantages, and international market access.
In short, Turkey is not only a country of opportunities but also a gateway for global investors to expand their businesses.
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