1. Drug Trafficking (Article 188 of the Turkish Penal Code – TCK) 🔹 Definition of the Crime: According to Article 188 of the Turkish Penal Code, the following acts by a foreign national are considered drug trafficking: 🔹 Penalties: ⚠️ After serving the sentence, foreign offenders are usually subject to deportation by the Directorate General […]
1. Legal Framework Employment relationships between foreign employers and Turkish nationals working in Turkey are primarily governed by: 📌 Even if the employer is not based in Turkey, if the place of work is in Turkey, Turkish labor law generally applies (PIL Art. 27–28). 2. Applicable Law in Employment Contracts According to the Private International […]
1. Legal Framework Foreign creditors can initiate debt recovery and insolvency proceedings in Turkey based on the following key laws: 2. Can Foreign Creditors Pursue Claims in Turkey? Yes.Foreign real or legal persons are allowed to pursue debt recovery proceedings in Turkey either directly or through an attorney. 📌 In practice, engaging a Turkish attorney […]
1. Legal Framework Disputes arising from international marriages—such as divorce, child custody, and alimony—are governed by both the Turkish Civil Code (TCC) and the Turkish Private International and Procedural Law No. 5718 (PILPA / MÖHUK). Other relevant instruments include: 2. Divorce with a Foreign Spouse: Jurisdiction and Applicable Law 🔹 Jurisdiction: Turkish courts have jurisdiction […]
1. Introduction: What Is Arbitration? Arbitration is a private dispute resolution method in which parties agree to resolve their disputes outside of state courts, through independent and impartial arbitrators.It is particularly preferred by foreign investors due to its neutrality, efficiency, confidentiality, and international enforceability. 2. Legal Grounds for Foreign Investors’ Right to Arbitration Foreign investors […]
1. Legal Framework Inheritance rights of foreigners in Turkey are governed primarily by: 2. Do Foreigners Have Inheritance Rights in Turkey? Yes. According to Article 599 of the Turkish Civil Code and Article 20 of PILPA, foreigners are entitled to inherit movable and immovable property located in Turkey. 📌 Key Principle: 3. Certificate of Inheritance […]
1. Legal Framework Deportation procedures in Turkey are regulated by Articles 52 to 60 of the Law on Foreigners and International Protection No. 6458 (LFIP). All administrative steps are carried out by the Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM) and the relevant Provincial Directorates of Migration. 2. What Is a Deportation Order? A deportation order […]
1. Ways to Acquire Turkish Citizenship Under the Turkish Citizenship Law No. 5901, foreigners can acquire Turkish citizenship through several legal paths: 1.1. By Birth (Descent-Based Citizenship) 1.2. Through Naturalization (Standard, Marriage-Based, and Exceptional Citizenship) a) General Conditions for Naturalization (Article 11): A foreigner may apply for Turkish citizenship if the following conditions are met: […]
1. Legal Basis Foreigners’ rights to acquire real estate in Turkey are primarily governed by the following laws: 2. Can Foreigners Buy Property in Turkey? Yes. Foreign individuals and companies can buy real estate in Turkey within certain limitations. Key highlights: 3. Restrictions and Limitations Although foreigners have broad rights, some restrictions apply: 3.1. Geographic […]
1. Legal Framework The establishment of companies by foreign individuals or legal entities in Turkey is primarily governed by: 2. Can Foreigners Establish a Company in Turkey? Yes. According to the Foreign Direct Investment Law, foreign individuals and legal entities have the same rights as Turkish citizens to establish companies, acquire shares, and become shareholders […]