One-line takeaway: In Turkey, cross-border cooperation scope creep—where a “simple partnership” with a foreign payments/fintech partner slowly morphs into full payment intermediation—can trigger unlicensed activity risk under Law 6493, unless you secure the right CBRT approvals/notifications and keep the Turkish-licensed entity in the driver’s seat. Why this matters (for founders, GCs, and investors) Teams often […]
Agent/representative misconduct (KYC corners cut) is a top driver of vicarious liability for Turkish payment and e-money providers. One-line takeaway: In Turkey, agent/representative misconduct (KYC corners cut) can flow straight back to the licensed payment/e-money provider under Law 6493 and MASAK’s AML regime. If your outsourced sales points, onboarding centers, or field reps skip ID […]
Chargeback abuse vs. merchant fraud is the fastest way margins erode in Turkey, unless your contracts, flows, and dispute process are aligned with Law 6502 and network rules. One-line takeaway: In Turkey, chargeback abuse vs. merchant fraud both kill margins—one from the consumer side (friendly fraud, misuse of rights under Law 6502), the other from […]
One-line takeaway: In Turkey, using crypto in the payment leg (i.e., inside the actual checkout, authorization, clearing, or settlement steps) is off-limits. If a merchant wants crypto exposure, keep it outside the regulated payment service and settle fiat-only. Why this keeps coming up A high-growth merchant says: “We want customers to pay with BTC/USDT right […]
One-line summary: When a MASAK (Turkey’s AML authority) inquiry lands, some institutions over-react and freeze thousands of accounts “pending KYC remediation.” Done badly, this triggers a PR firestorm, customer lawsuits, and regulatory risk. This playbook shows how to use 5549 AML, MASAK guidance, and the tipping-off prohibition to design proportional freezes, clean customer communications, and […]
One-line summary: When chargebacks spike, acquirers often withhold payouts “for risk.” If an acquirer freezes merchant settlements, a growth-stage company can face a sudden cashflow shock. This guide explains the Turkish legal levers (TBK and Law No. 6502), card-network rules, the evidence you should gather, and the contract fixes—clear reserve formula, cure periods, dispute SLAs, […]
Executive summary When a Turkish payment institution (PI) or electronic money institution (EMI) fails, the single question that matters for users and investors is: Are customer monies truly bankruptcy-remote? Under Law No. 6493 and CBRT secondary legislation, client funds must be segregated and safeguarded; in principle, they should fall outside the insolvent estate. In practice, […]
Introduction: Why “payment accounts & wallets” matter in Turkey Turkey has become one of Europe’s most dynamic payments markets. Instant transfers, standardized QR payments, and open-banking rails now underpin the way consumers and businesses move money. Against this backdrop, payment accounts & wallets—typically operated by banks, payment institutions, or e-money institutions—sit at the core of […]