Introduction Share transfers are among the most common corporate transactions in Turkey, occurring in contexts such as mergers and acquisitions, private equity investments, venture capital financing, family business restructuring, and shareholder exits. Under Turkish Commercial Law, share transfer procedures differ significantly depending on the type of company involved—Joint Stock Company (A.Ş.) or Limited Liability Company […]
Introduction When establishing a business in Turkey, one of the most important strategic decisions investors must make is choosing the appropriate legal structure. The two most commonly used corporate forms are: Both structures provide limited liability protection, but they differ significantly in terms of capital requirements, governance rules, share transfer flexibility, regulatory oversight, and suitability […]
Introduction Turkey has become an increasingly attractive jurisdiction for foreign investors seeking access to regional markets spanning Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. With a large domestic consumer base, developed banking infrastructure, and a relatively liberal foreign investment regime, Turkey offers significant business opportunities. One of the most common questions foreign entrepreneurs and investors ask […]
Introduction Competition law in Turkey plays a critical role in regulating market behavior, preventing anti-competitive practices, and overseeing mergers and acquisitions that may restrict competition. For both domestic and foreign investors, compliance with Turkish competition rules is not optional—it is a fundamental regulatory requirement. The Turkish Competition Authority (TCA) actively enforces merger control rules, investigates […]
Introduction Serving as a director in a Turkish company—particularly in a joint stock company (A.Ş.) or limited liability company (Ltd.)—carries significant legal responsibility. Turkish law imposes strict fiduciary duties and compliance obligations on directors, and failure to fulfill these duties may result in civil compensation claims, criminal prosecution, administrative fines, and tax liability. For foreign […]
Introduction Corporate governance has become a central pillar of Turkish company law, particularly after the enactment of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) No. 6102 and the strengthening of Capital Markets Board (CMB) regulations. Turkish joint stock companies (Anonim Şirket – A.Ş.) are subject to detailed governance rules designed to enhance transparency, accountability, and investor protection. […]
Introduction Shareholders’ agreements play a crucial role in structuring corporate relationships in Turkey, particularly in joint ventures, private equity investments, family businesses, and startup ecosystems. While the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) regulates corporate governance through articles of association, shareholders often prefer to execute a separate contractual arrangement to govern their internal relationship. Under Turkish law, […]
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions in Turkey have played a significant role in shaping the country’s corporate and investment landscape over the past two decades. As a regional hub connecting Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, Turkey attracts both strategic investors and private equity funds seeking growth opportunities across sectors such as energy, finance, manufacturing, technology, […]
Introduction Financial leasing (leasing) has become an important financing tool in Turkey, particularly for companies seeking asset acquisition without immediate capital expenditure. Leasing is widely used in sectors such as construction, manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, aviation, and energy. The Financial Leasing Law in Turkey provides a regulated framework for leasing transactions, ensuring legal certainty for lessors […]
Turkey has become a global hub for innovation and trade, attracting thousands of international entrepreneurs who want to expand their business horizons. With its strategic location and investor-friendly regulations, starting a business in Turkey offers a unique gateway to both European and Middle Eastern markets. However, navigating the legal complexities of the Turkish commercial landscape […]