🔹 1. Definition of the Crime: Emotional Exploitation with Criminal Intent Marriage fraud occurs when one party deceives another into believing there will be a marriage, while the true purpose is to gain money or other material benefits. When this conduct crosses international borders—such as a Turkish national defrauding a U.S. citizen—it may trigger criminal […]
🔹 Introduction: The Art of Cleaning Dirty Money Money laundering is the process of making illegally-gained proceeds appear legal. In countries like the United States, where the financial system is both advanced and diverse, money laundering operations tend to be highly sophisticated, while legal regulations are multilayered and strictly enforced. Drug trafficking, smuggling, corruption, and […]
🔹 1. Introduction The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is the judicial body of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and serves to supervise member states’ compliance with the Convention. Individuals who claim that their fundamental rights under the Convention have been violated may file an application to the ECtHR after exhausting domestic […]
🔹 1. Introduction The global logistics and transportation industry plays a vital role in international trade. Whether by sea, air, or road, the core legal objective in transport contracts is the timely, safe, and undamaged delivery of goods from sender to recipient. However, loss, damage, or delay of cargo frequently give rise to legal disputes. […]
1. Conceptual Definition Money laundering is the process of disguising the origins of money obtained through illegal means, making it appear as if it was earned legally. Drug trafficking is one of the most common sources of laundered money worldwide. The money laundering process generally occurs in three main stages: 2. International Regulatory Bodies and […]
1. Drug Trafficking (Article 188 of the Turkish Penal Code – TCK) 🔹 Definition of the Crime: According to Article 188 of the Turkish Penal Code, the following acts by a foreign national are considered drug trafficking: 🔹 Penalties: ⚠️ After serving the sentence, foreign offenders are usually subject to deportation by the Directorate General […]
1. Legal Framework Employment relationships between foreign employers and Turkish nationals working in Turkey are primarily governed by: 📌 Even if the employer is not based in Turkey, if the place of work is in Turkey, Turkish labor law generally applies (PIL Art. 27–28). 2. Applicable Law in Employment Contracts According to the Private International […]
1. Legal Framework Foreign creditors can initiate debt recovery and insolvency proceedings in Turkey based on the following key laws: 2. Can Foreign Creditors Pursue Claims in Turkey? Yes.Foreign real or legal persons are allowed to pursue debt recovery proceedings in Turkey either directly or through an attorney. 📌 In practice, engaging a Turkish attorney […]
1. Legal Framework Disputes arising from international marriages—such as divorce, child custody, and alimony—are governed by both the Turkish Civil Code (TCC) and the Turkish Private International and Procedural Law No. 5718 (PILPA / MÖHUK). Other relevant instruments include: 2. Divorce with a Foreign Spouse: Jurisdiction and Applicable Law 🔹 Jurisdiction: Turkish courts have jurisdiction […]