Learn how foreigners can open a business in Turkey legally, including company types, MERSIS registration, foreign shareholder documents, minimum capital rules, branch and liaison office options, work permits, residence permits, and post-incorporation compliance. Introduction For many international entrepreneurs, the first question is not whether Turkey is commercially attractive, but whether foreigners can open a business […]
Legal obligations after incorporation in Turkey include tax registration, social security setup, corporate books, e-notification, annual general assembly procedures, independent audit compliance, and foreign-investment reporting. This guide explains the key post-incorporation duties for Turkish companies. Introduction In Turkey, incorporation is not the end of the legal process. It is the point at which a company […]
Independent audit requirements for companies in Turkey depend on company type, sector, and financial thresholds. This legal guide explains which Turkish companies must undergo independent audit, how the threshold tests work, who appoints the auditor, what the audit covers, and what happens if a company fails to comply. Introduction Independent audit requirements for companies in […]
Sector-specific restrictions in Turkish company formation law can affect foreign ownership, board composition, licensing, share transfers, and articles of association. This guide explains how regulated sectors such as broadcasting, maritime, civil aviation, finance, insurance, and capital markets are treated under Turkish law. Introduction Sector-specific restrictions in Turkish company formation law are one of the most […]
Learn how to draft a compliant articles of association in Turkey, including mandatory clauses, MERSIS drafting, Turkish-language requirements, signing formalities, filing deadlines, foreign-founder documents, and amendment rules for Turkish companies. Introduction Drafting a compliant articles of association in Turkey is not just a paperwork task. It is the legal foundation of the company’s identity, governance, […]
Common legal mistakes in company formation in Turkey can delay registration, increase cost, and create long-term governance problems. This guide explains the most frequent errors founders and foreign investors make when forming a Turkish company and how to avoid them. Introduction Company formation in Turkey looks deceptively simple from the outside. Official investment guidance describes […]
Trade registry procedures in Turkey explained in English. Learn how MERSIS, Trade Registry Directorates, registration, announcement, signatures, deadlines, tax-office follow-up, and post-incorporation compliance work under Turkish law. Introduction Trade registry procedures in Turkey are the legal backbone of company formation and many later corporate changes. In Turkish practice, the trade registry is not a narrow […]
Work permit and residence permit issues for foreign company owners in Turkey explained in English. Learn when foreign shareholders, directors, and founders need a work permit, when exemptions may apply, how residence permits work, and the main legal risks under Turkish law. Introduction For foreign entrepreneurs and investors, one of the most misunderstood issues in […]
Single shareholder companies in Turkey offer a flexible legal structure for local and foreign investors. Learn how one-person JSCs and LLCs work under Turkish law, including formation, governance, liability, disclosure duties, and practical advantages. Introduction Single shareholder companies in Turkey are fully recognized under Turkish company law and can be an efficient legal vehicle for […]
Share transfers in Turkish companies explained in English. Learn the legal rules and limitations for transferring shares in Turkish joint stock companies and limited liability companies, including notarization, general assembly approval, share ledger rules, listed vs non-listed shares, and bearer share registry requirements. Introduction Share transfers in Turkish companies are governed primarily by the Turkish […]