Opening a subsidiary in Turkey explained in English. Learn the legal roadmap for foreign companies, including JSC vs LLC, capital rules, MERSIS registration, apostille and translation requirements, foreign directors, work permits, and post-incorporation compliance. Introduction Opening a subsidiary in Turkey is one of the most common ways for a foreign company to enter the Turkish […]
Company formation for startups in Turkey explained in English. Learn the key legal considerations for founders, including LLC vs JSC, MERSIS registration, capital rules, foreign founders, startup incentives, technoparks, work permits, and post-incorporation compliance. Introduction Company formation for startups in Turkey is not just an incorporation exercise. For an early-stage venture, the choice of entity, […]
Corporate governance rules for Turkish companies are built on a layered legal framework. At the base level, the Turkish Commercial Code governs the structure and operation of the main company forms, especially joint stock companies and limited liability companies. For public companies and listed issuers, the governance framework is expanded by the Capital Markets Board’s […]
Liaison office setup in Turkey explained in English. Learn the legal restrictions, licensing process, document requirements, duration limits, extension rules, work permit issues, and practical use cases for foreign companies in Türkiye. Introduction Liaison office setup in Turkey is a useful market-entry option for foreign companies that want a formal presence in Türkiye without immediately […]
Branch office establishment in Turkey explained in English. Learn the legal conditions, required documents, resident representative rule, registration procedure, apostille and translation requirements, and key differences between a branch, subsidiary, and liaison office in Türkiye. Introduction Branch office establishment in Turkey is one of the main market-entry options available to foreign businesses that want to […]
Tax registration and post-incorporation obligations in Turkey explained in English. Learn the legal steps after company formation, including tax registration certificates, SGK registration, bookkeeping, e-notification, VAT, corporate tax, withholding, and ongoing compliance. Introduction Tax registration and post-incorporation obligations in Turkey begin the moment a company is incorporated, not months later when the business starts generating […]
Board of directors and management structure in Turkish companies explained in English. Learn how governance works in Turkish JSCs and LLCs, including board composition, manager authority, delegation, representation, duties, and compliance. Introduction The board of directors and management structure in Turkish companies is one of the most important issues founders, investors, and foreign shareholders need […]
Learn about shareholder rights and liabilities under Turkish company law, including voting rights, dividend rights, information rights, pre-emptive rights, transfer rules, public debt exposure, and the key differences between JSC and LLC structures in Turkey. Introduction Shareholder rights and liabilities under Turkish company law differ in important ways depending on whether the investor holds shares […]
Choosing the right business structure in Turkey requires a careful comparison of LLC and JSC rules. This guide explains capital, governance, share transfer, investor suitability, foreign ownership, and compliance under Turkish company law. Introduction Choosing the right business structure in Turkey is one of the most important legal decisions a founder, investor, or foreign shareholder […]
Learn the legal essentials of articles of association in Turkey, including MERSIS drafting, founder signatures, foreign shareholder documentation, registration deadlines, amendments, and key differences between joint stock and limited liability companies. Introduction In Turkish company law, the constitutive company document is not a mere formality. For a new business, it is the legal text that […]