1. Introduction: Why Foreign-Law Receivables Often End Up Being Collected in Turkey In international commerce, it is common for contracts to be governed by a foreign law (English law, Swiss law, German law, etc.) while the debtor’s assets—bank accounts, receivables, inventory, real estate, shares, or ongoing projects—are located in Turkey. When payment fails, the creditor’s […]
I. Introduction: The Interplay of Private Autonomy and Enforcement Sovereignty International trade and investment rely on contractual freedom — the freedom to select the applicable law and the forum for dispute resolution. Yet when disputes reach the enforcement stage, that autonomy faces the state’s monopoly on coercive execution (imperium). Enforcement proceedings (icra takibi) are by […]
Introduction In an increasingly globalized world, cross-border mobility has significantly increased, resulting in a growing number of foreign nationals residing in, traveling to, or conducting business within Turkey. While Turkey welcomes foreigners for tourism, education, employment, and investment, foreign nationals are also subject to Turkish laws during their presence in the country. One of the […]
A Comprehensive Legal Guide for International Investors Introduction Türkiye has emerged as one of the most attractive destinations for foreign investors seeking access to regional and global markets. Strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, Türkiye offers a dynamic economy, a young and skilled workforce, a liberal investment regime, and […]
1. Introduction In an increasingly globalized world, cross-border marriages have become common, leading to complex legal consequences in the field of immigration law. One of the most significant legal instruments regulating the stay of foreign nationals married to Turkish citizens or other foreigners in Türkiye is the family residence permit. This permit allows family members […]
Introduction Securing debts is one of the most fundamental concerns in both commercial and civil law. Creditors seek legal mechanisms that minimize the risk of non-payment, while debtors aim to access financing without relinquishing full ownership of their assets. In Turkey, the law of pledges (security interests) plays a central role in balancing these competing […]
1. Legal Basis of Residence Permits 1.1 Definition and Legal Nature of a Residence Permit A residence permit is an administrative act issued by a competent public authority, granting a foreign national the legal right to reside in a country beyond the duration permitted by a visa or visa exemption regime. Unlike citizenship, a residence […]
1. Introduction Globalization, international marriages, and cross-border family structures have dramatically increased the number of divorces adjudicated outside the spouses’ country of nationality or habitual residence. For individuals connected to Turkey—whether by nationality, domicile, or civil registry—foreign divorce judgments often raise a critical legal question: Does a divorce obtained abroad automatically dissolve the marriage under […]
I. Introduction Marriage, as a legal and social institution, occupies a central position in Turkish law. It is protected not only by statutory provisions of the Turkish Civil Code but also by constitutional principles and international human rights norms. However, when marriage becomes a means rather than an end — particularly in the context of […]
Turkey adopts one of the most uncompromising legal approaches to drug importation offences in Europe. For foreign individuals, international businesses and legal practitioners, understanding how Turkish criminal law treats the importation of narcotic and psychotropic substances is not merely academic — it can be decisive. Unlike many jurisdictions where importation is assessed alongside intent, role […]