Kategori: Genel

When a company enters voluntary liquidation in Turkey, control typically shifts from “normal management” to the liquidator. Many shareholders—especially foreign shareholders—assume liquidation is a simple administrative wrap-up. In reality, the liquidator’s decisions determine whether the company exits cleanly or ends up stuck due to creditor disputes, tax/SGK problems, or allegations of improper asset handling. This […]
Closing a business in Turkey is not as simple as stopping operations. If you want a clean and legally safe exit, you must follow a company liquidation process in Turkey that properly documents the decision to dissolve, appoints liquidators, settles debts, and completes registrations and filings. Foreign shareholders often underestimate how much time and compliance […]
Many companies in Turkey don’t fail because of market conditions—they fail because of weak governance and weak controls: unclear authority, undocumented decisions, uncontrolled payments, and compliance gaps. These issues become especially risky in foreign-owned companies where shareholders are not physically present and rely on reports rather than daily oversight. This guide explains corporate governance in […]
Shareholder disputes are one of the most common “business killers” in Turkey—especially in LLCs (Ltd. Şti.) with few partners, where personal trust and daily operations overlap. When cooperation collapses, the dispute usually turns into one of two legal directions: exit (withdrawal) of a shareholder or expulsion of a shareholder. These disputes are rarely only about […]
Minority shareholders in Turkey often assume they have limited power: “If I don’t control the majority, I can’t protect myself.” In reality, Turkish corporate law provides several protection mechanisms—but only if the shareholder knows what to ask for and how to document it. The most common minority problems arise when governance is unclear, information rights […]
A share transfer can look simple—“I sell my shares, you pay, done.” In Turkey, it is rarely that clean. The procedure depends heavily on the company type: Limited Liability Company (Ltd. Şti.) versus Joint-Stock Company (A.Ş.). Foreign investors often face delays or disputes because they misunderstand transfer approvals, ignore pre-emption rights, or fail to update […]
In Turkey, many corporate disputes and financial losses don’t start with bad business—they start with bad signing authority design. If the company’s representation and signing authority is too broad, one person can bind the company to loans, guarantees, leases, or long-term contracts that shareholders never intended. If it is too strict, operations slow down and […]
Articles of Association in Turkey: Key Clauses and Negotiation Points (2025) When you incorporate a company in Turkey, the Articles of Association (AoA) is not just a standard form for the Trade Registry. It is the company’s constitutional document: it defines how the company is governed, how decisions are made, and how shareholders protect themselves […]
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