Energy investments, such as those in renewable energy, natural gas, petroleum, and electricity markets, involve complex regulatory, financial, and operational challenges. Legal risks are among the most significant threats that can impact the success and profitability of energy projects. From licensing and regulatory compliance to environmental obligations and contractual disputes, investors must carefully navigate the […]
The Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) is the primary institution responsible for regulating the energy market in Turkey. It has the authority to issue licenses, impose administrative fines, and oversee compliance with energy laws and regulations. However, the wide-ranging powers of the EPDK sometimes lead to disputes between investors and the authority. In such cases, […]
Hydroelectric power plants (HEPPs) are among the most common and reliable forms of renewable energy generation, using water flow to produce electricity. In Turkey, hydroelectric power projects are heavily regulated, requiring a comprehensive set of licenses, permits, and approvals before construction and operation can commence. These requirements are designed to ensure the sustainable use of […]
The growing importance of sustainable energy has led many countries, including Turkey, to implement various incentives and support mechanisms for renewable energy investments. Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass projects are particularly favored due to their low environmental impact and alignment with national energy strategies. In Turkey, these incentives are primarily structured under the Renewable […]
Wind energy is one of the most prominent renewable energy sources worldwide, and wind power plants (WPPs) play a critical role in meeting sustainable energy targets. In Turkey, as in many countries, the installation and operation of wind turbines are subject to a wide range of zoning and land-use regulations to ensure public safety, environmental […]
The transition to renewable energy is a priority for both global and national energy policies. In Turkey, solar energy projects have gained significant momentum, driven by incentives, feed-in tariffs, and the abundant availability of solar resources. However, any company or individual seeking to develop a solar energy power plant must first secure the necessary licenses […]
The fuel retail sector in Turkey operates under a strictly regulated framework, with fuel station dealership agreements playing a key role in defining the rights and obligations between fuel suppliers (distributors) and dealers (station operators). These agreements are legally binding contracts that outline the terms of supply, pricing, operation standards, and brand usage. Drafting such […]
The establishment of an electricity generation plant is a complex process that involves strict compliance with legal, technical, and environmental regulations. In Turkey, energy generation is regulated by the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) and governed by various laws and secondary legislation. Investors planning to build power plants—whether renewable (solar, wind, hydro) or non-renewable (natural […]
The Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) regulates the energy markets in Turkey, issuing licenses for the generation, distribution, transmission, wholesale, and retail sale of electricity, natural gas, petroleum, and LPG. Obtaining a license is a mandatory step for any entity wishing to operate in the energy sector legally. However, holding a license is not unconditional. […]